海口地区呼吸道病原体流行情况分析

目的 通过检测呼吸道病原体抗体,了解海口地区不同年龄、不同性别的发病和分布情况.方法 采集2015年1月至2016年5月海南省中医院1103例患者3 mL静脉血,分离血清.使用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测样本血清中9种常见的呼吸道感染病原IgM抗体,对结果 进行统计学分析.结果1103例患者中非典型呼吸道病原抗体阳性323例(包括混合感染),阳性率为29.28%(323/1103).阳性率最高的是肺炎支原体25.57%(282/1103),其次是乙型流感病毒3.35%(37/1103);混合型感染占1.27%(14/1103),主要是肺炎支原体合并其他非典型呼吸道病原体感染.非典型呼吸道病原感染阳性率婴儿组为21.83%(55/252)、幼儿组为53.38%(79/148)、儿童组为40.97%(59/144)、少年组为60.00%(9/15)、青年组31.43%(22/70)、中老年组为13.71%(65/474),各年龄组非典型呼吸道病原阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=123.36,P<0.05);病毒感染阳性率婴儿组为2.38%(6/252)、幼儿组为8.11%(12/148)、儿童组为7.64%(11/144)、少年组为6.67%(1/15)、青年组为1.43%(1/70)、中老年组1.69%(8/474),各年龄组非典型呼吸道病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.25,P<0.05).男性非典型呼吸道病原阳性率为21.64%(156/721),女性阳性率为35.34%(135/382),非典型呼吸道病原感染性别差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.14,P<0.05).结论 肺炎支原体和乙型流感病毒是导致海口地区呼吸道感染的主要病原体,病原体感染在年龄组和性别间存在差异.少年组和幼儿组非典型呼吸道病原感染率最高,应重点防治.

Analysis of the prevalence of respiratory pathogens in Haikou

Objective To understand the incidence and distribution of different age and sex in Haikou area by detecting the antibody of respiratory pathogens, and to evaluate the value of indirect immunofluorescence technique in the diagnosis of respiratory infection. Methods The venous blood of 3 mL were collected from 1103 cases of patients and serum was prepared. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to detect 9 kinds of common respiratory tract infections IgM antibodies, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results In 1103 patients, 323 cases of atyp-ical respiratory pathogens were positive (including mixed infection) with the positive rate of 29.28%(323/1103). The highest positive rate was 25.57% (282/1103) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, followed by 3.35% of influenza B virus (37/1103);Mixed infection was mainly Mycoplasma pneumoniae combined with other atypical respiratory pathogens in-fection, accounted for 1.27%(14/1103). The positive rate of atypical respiratory infection in infant group, young chil-dren group, children group, juvenile group, youth group, middle and elderly age group were 21.83%(55/252), 53.38%(79/148), 40.97%(59/144), 60%(9/15), 31.43%(22/70), 13.71%(65/474), respectively. There was significant difference in the positive rates of atypical respiratory pathogens among different age groups (χ2=123.36, P<0.05). The virus infec-tion rate in infant group, young children group, children group, juvenile group, youth group, middle and elderly age group 2.38%(6/252), 8.11%(12/148), 7.64%(11/144), 6.67%(1/15), 1.43%(1/70), 1.69%(8/474), respectively. There was significant difference in the positive rate of respiratory virus among different age groups (χ2=23.25, P<0.05). The positive rate of atypical respiratory tract infection in male and female groups were respectively 21.64% (156/721) and 35.34%(135/382). There was significant difference between the different gender groups in the atypical respiratory tract infection (χ2=24.14, P<0.05). Conclusion Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza B virus are the main pathogens of re-spiratory tract infection in Haikou area. There are differences among the age groups and gender groups in pathogen infec-tion. The incidence rate of atypical respiratory tract infection is the highest in infant and children, and we should focus on the prevention and treatment for that.