专业歌手计算机嗓音分析测试元音的选择研究

目的：了解专业歌手同普通人嗓音计算机分析中持续／a／音和／i／音的差别。方法：30例经过声乐专业训练的专业歌手（专业组），男15例，年龄（22．5±1．6）岁；女15例，年龄（22．7±2．5）岁。正常普通人30例（普通组），男16例，年龄（30.9±4．7）岁；女14例，年龄（29．0±3．8）岁。在隔声室中使用德国Xion公司的头戴式麦克风录音，研究对象发持续／a／音和／i／音各3遍，选取中间平稳段3s作为分析段。使用Praat嗓音分析软件进行分析。取基频均数（Fo）、频率微扰Jitter、振幅微扰Shimmer、噪谐比、谐噪比强度作为测试值，使用独立样本T检验统计专业组和普通组以及持续／a／音和／i／音之间的差别。Pearson相关检测持续／a／音和／i／音之间的相关性。结果：持续／a／音和／i／音的Shimmer值，普通组大于专业组（P〈0．01）。专业组男性发持续／a／音和／i／音的基频均高于普通组（均P〈0．05）。专业组F0值、Shimmer值及噪谐比／i／音明显大于／a／音（均P〈0．01），Jitter值及谐噪比强度／i／音小于／a／音（均P〈0．05）。普通组Jitter值2个元音无差别，其余指标同专业组。专业组的／i／-／a／音谐噪比强度差值较普通组大（P〈0．05）。专业组持续／a／音和／i／音的F0、Jitter值、噪谐比和谐噪比强度显著相关（均P〈0．05）。普通组持续／a／音和／i／音之间F0、谐噪比强度显著相关（均P〈0．01）。结论：专业组男性发／a／音和／i／音的基频均高于普通组，前后元音的杂音均少于普通组。专业组选择／a／音或／i／音均可作为测试音，两者区别不大。

The study of vowels with computer voice analysis in trained singer

Objective：To investigate the differences between the trained singer and normal people by computer voice analysis with sustained vowel/i/ and /a/. Method： Fifteen male（22. 5±1. 6 years） and 15 female（22.7±2.5 years） trained singers and 16 male（30.9 ± 4.7 years） and 14 female（29.0±3.8 years） normal controls were involved in this study. Sustained vowel/a/and/i/audio recordings were made with the recording head-mount mi- crophone（Xion, Germany） in a sound-attenuated room. The middle three second voice of samples was analyzed. The subject repeated vowels for 3 times. The Praat voice analysis software were used to analysis the F0, Jitter, Shimmer, NHR（Noise-harmonic ratio）, and HNR（Harmonic-noise ratio） of vowels. The independent sample t- test was applied to get the differences of sustained vowels/a/ and/i/between the trained singers and normal con- trois The correlation also was analyzed between the sustained vowel /a/ and/i/. Result： The Shimmer of trained singers were greater than normal controls in vowel/a/and/i/. The F0 of vowel/a/ and/i/of trained male singers were more than those of normal controls. The F0 （P〈0.01）, Shimmer（P〈0.01）, and NHR（P〈0.01） of vowel /i/ were greater than vowel/a/ and the Jitter and HNR（Harmonic-noise ratio）of vowel/i/ were less than vowel /a/ in trained singers. There was no difference between the vowel/a/ and /i/ in Jitter in normal controls. The F0, Shimmer, NHR, HNR were same as trained singers in difference between the vowel/a/and/i/. The trained singers/i/-/a/ difference-value of HNR was greater than normal controls＇（P〈0.05）. There were significant cor- relation between the vowel/a/and/i/ in F0 （P〈0.01）, Jitter（P〈0.01）, NHR（P〈0.05）, HNR（P〈0.01）of trained singers. The F0 （P〈0.01）, HNR（P〈0.01） of normal controls had significant correlations between the vowel/a/and/i/. Conclusion ： The training may increase the F0 of male singer. Singer training can reduce the voice perturbation of front or back vowels. Both of/a/ and/i/ can be a measurein trained singer.