上海南部5843例变应性鼻炎患者变应原皮肤点刺试验变应原的初步分析

目的：了解上海南部5 843例变应性鼻炎患者变应原皮肤点刺试验（SPT）变应原分布情况。方法：对2007-01-2012-08期间就诊于耳鼻咽喉科门诊的5 843例患者进行SPT检测,按照年龄、性别、年份进行统计学分析。结果：在常见的15种变应原中,百分比占前3位的分别为屋尘螨、粉尘螨和霉菌。我们通过统计学分析得出,男女患者各年间的发病率差异有统计学意义,但均无随年份增高的趋势。6~17岁年龄组不同年龄段的发病率差异无统计学意义,其他年龄组在不同年龄段的发病率差异均有统计学意义;而40~65岁年龄组的发病率有随年份增加的趋势,其他年龄组则无该趋势。随着年龄的增高,男女患病率均有降低的趋势,但男性的患病率始终高于女性。结论：在上海南部,引起变应性鼻炎的主要变应原因素为屋尘螨、粉尘螨、真菌,年龄和性别在变应性鼻炎的发病中有着统计学意义,SPT在变应性疾病的变应原因素诊断中具有一定意义。

Preliminary analysis of SPT tests on 5 843 allergic rhinitis patients from south Shanghai area

Objective：To explore the distribution of allergen tested by skin prick test（SPT） in about 5 843 al- lergic rhinitis patients in south Shanghai. Method： SPT test was conducted in 5843 allergic rhinitis patients who came to our clinic from January 2007 to August 2012. The result was analyzed by age,sex and year. Result：The top three allergens by percentage are dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides culinae and fungus a- mong 15 common allergens. Incidence rate between male and female in each year had statistical significance, both of which showed no increasing trend with year. Incidence rates among different age groups aging from 6 to 17 years old had no statistically significant difference, but statistically significant difference among different age groups existed in other age groups. Incidence rate showed increasing trend with year in age group of 40~ 65, which was not observed in other groups. The incidence rate showed decreasing trend with age in male and female, while the incidence rate in male was always higher than female. Conclusion： In south Shanghai, primary allergens causing allergic rhinitis are dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides culinae and fungus. Statistically significant difference about allergic rhinitis existed in age and sex. SPT has important significance in diagnosis of allergens.