长沙市中小学生变应性鼻炎流行病学调查及相关危险因素分析

目的：了解长沙市中小学生变应性鼻炎的流行病学特征,并分析其相关危险因素,为疾病的干预和控制提供科学依据。方法：2011-06-2012-04期间随机抽取长沙市中小学10~17岁学生为研究对象,采用分层抽样调查和整群抽样调查2种方法,通过问卷调查、体检及皮肤点刺实验对其中小学生进行流行病学调查,并进行统计分析,探索其相关危险因素。结果：①在分层抽样调查中,共发放问卷调查表7023份,有效问卷有6 407份,得出自报变应性鼻炎的患病率为44.6%,变应性鼻炎的患病率为20.5%;②在整群抽样调查中,共调查814名中小学生,得出变应性个体发生率为26.3%,变应性鼻炎的患病率为17.2%。通过对视觉模拟量表的统计得出,变应性鼻炎对学生的性格、记忆力、睡眠质量等方面有显著的影响。结论：目前长沙市中小学10~17岁学生变应性鼻炎的患病率为17%~20%;变应性鼻炎的发病与环境、遗传、生活方式有关,且对学生的性格、记忆力、睡眠质量有显著影响。

Epidemiological investigation and related risk factors analysis of allergic rhinitis in primary and middle school students in Changsha

Objective：To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related risk factors of allergic rhinitis in primary and middle school students in Changsha so that to provide the scientific basis for the disease control and intervention. Method：From June 2011 to April 2012, we randomlychose primary and middle school students aged from 10 to 17 years old in Changsha as our research objects. Through stratified sampling and cluster sampling, we carried out epidemiological investigation using questionnaire investigation, physical examination and skin prick test. After statistical analysis of the data, we explored the related risk factors. Result： @7 023 copies of question- naire were sent out and 6 407 copies of valid questionnaire were receieved in the stratified sampling survey. The prevalence of complaining about having got allergic rhinitis is 44.6 ~ while the real rates is 20.5 ~ ;@814 research objects were investigated in cluster sampling survey. The result of the incidence of allergic rhinitis is 26.3%, and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is 17.20//00. Analysis of Visual Analog Scale Questionnaire showed significant in- fluence of allergic rhinitis on students＇ character, memory, sleep quality, etc. Conclusion：The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in primary and middle school students aged at 10--17 years old in Changsha is 17~~- 20~. The occur- rence and development of allergic rhinitis is related to environment, genetic background and living habits. Allergic rhinitis influenced the students＂ character, memorv and sleep nualitv significantly.