积极降压对脑出血预后及早期血肿增长的作用

目的 比较脑出血急性期积极降压治疗与按指南要求控制血压对预后及早期血肿增长的影响.方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究设计,收集2006年10月到2007年1月于南京市第一医院连续入院的脑出血患者共41例,随机(随机数字法)分为积极降压组(n=24)和指南降压组(n=17),分别予以早期积极降压治疗(入组后立即降压,目标收缩压≤140 mmHg)和按照美国心脏病学会2007年指南要求的降压治疗(收缩压≥180 mmHg才开始降压治疗),24 h后复查头颅CT测量血肿体积并随访患者至90 d,前瞻性比较两组90 d病亡/残疾率、近远期神经功能和24 h血肿增长情况.所得结果应用SPSS 10.0软件进行统计学处理,计量资料采用成组t检验,计数资料采用x2检验,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 两组90 d病亡/残疾率、近远期神经功能比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);24 h平均血肿增长率积极降压组为16.8%,指南降压组为36.1%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.012);24 h平均血肿增加的绝对值两组比较差异无统计学意义(2.7 mL,5.1 mL,P=0.058);发生早期血肿扩大的比例两组分别为4.2%,47.1%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.004).结论 脑出血早期将收缩压降到≤140 mmHg不改变脑出血预后及神经功能转归,但能显著减缓早期血肿增长.

Effect of intensive blood pressure reduction on prognosis and early hematoma growth in acute intracerebral haemorrhage

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of intensive reduction of blood pressure for the treatment of acute cerebral haemorrhage. Method A randomized control trial in 41 consecutive patients with intracerebral haemorrhage admitted from October 2006 to January 2007 were randomly assigned to intensive blood pressure reduction group ( n = 24) or guidelines blood pressure reduction group ( n = 17) (tho guidelines set by American Association of cardiologists). In the intensive reduction group, the systolic pressure was reduced immediately to lower than 140 mmHg, while the blood pressure was reduced to that just below 180 mmHg in guideline reduction group. The size of the haematoma was measured 24 h after treatment by CT scans and the patients were followed up for 90 days. Death and/or disability in 90 days, and the short-term and long-term neurological function and the size of haematoma in 24 hours of two groups were compared. The outcomes were statistically analyzed with SPSS version 10.0 software. Measurement data were analyzed with t -test while numeration data were analyzed with chisquare test. Results There were no significant differences either in death and/or disability or in short-term and long-term neurological function in 90 days after treatment ( P ＞ 0.05). The mean values of proportional enlargement of haematoma were 16.8% in the intensive group and 36. 1% in the guidelines group 24 hours after treatment ( P = 0.012). The mean values of absolute enlargement of haematoma of two groups were 2.7 mL and 5. 1 mL,respectively (P = 0.058). There was significant difference in rate of enlargement of haematoma in the early stage of acute cerebral haemorrhage (4.2% vs. 47. 1%, P = 0.012). Conclusions Although intensive reduction of blood pressure in patients with acute cerebral haemorrhage did not alter the clinical prognosis of patients, it could apparently attenuate the enlargement of haematoma in the early stage of acute cerebral haemorrhage.