CD19 regulates B cell maturation, proliferation, and positive selection in the FDC zone of murine splenic germinal centers

Mice with mutations in CD19 Y482/Y513 form germinal centers (GC) but fail to produce high-affinity antibodies. In these mice, GC B cell differentiation, proliferation, and class switching occur but are defective. Altered CD19 signaling results in retention of early GC B cells and reduced proliferation in the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) zone of GC, and causes failure to select for high-affinity mutations. In normal mice, the earliest detectable aggregates of GC B cells are in contact with FDC and IgM+ cells are only found in the FDC zone, further evidence that the FDC zone is the site of initial GC B cell proliferation, differentiation, and class switching. Proliferation in the non-FDC zone and somatic mutation are not dependent on CD19, indicating separate signaling requirements for the two GC compartments, but these CD19-independent GC functions are not sufficient to generate high-affinity antibodies and B cell memory.