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Psychotherapy as a treatment modality for psychiatric disorders: Perceptions of general public of Karachi, Pakistan |
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| Authors: | Abdul Mueed Zafar Ali Jawaid Hiba Ashraf Ambreena Fatima Rubina Anjum Salah U Qureshi |
| Institution: | 1. MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK 2. School of Medicine, King's College, London, UK 3. Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan 4. Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taiwan 5. Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taiwan |
| Abstract: | BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurobehavioral disorder. The dopamine transporter gene (DAT1/SLC6A3) has been considered a good candidate for ADHD. Most association studies with ADHD have investigated the 40-base-pair variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of DAT1. Only few studies have reported association between promoter polymorphisms of the gene and ADHD.MethodsTo investigate the association between the polymorphisms -67A/T (rs2975226) and -839C/T (rs2652511) in promoter region of DAT1 in ADHD, two samples of ADHD patients from the UK (n = 197) and Taiwan (n = 212) were genotyped, and analysed using within-family transmission disequilibrium test (TDT).ResultsA significant association was found between the T allele of promoter polymorphism -67A/T and ADHD in the Taiwanese population (P = 0.001). There was also evidence of preferential transmission of the T allele of -67A/T polymorphism in combined samples from the UK and Taiwan (P = 0.003). No association was detected between the -839C/T polymorphism and ADHD in either of the two populations.ConclusionThe finding suggests that genetic variation in the promoter region of DAT1 may be a risk factor in the development of ADHD. |
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