利比里亚传染病概况及其对加强维和期间防疫工作的启示

对利比里亚民众和在利比里亚执行联合国维和任务的中国官兵来说,传染病是他们面对的首要威胁.利比里亚的主要传染病有疟疾、艾滋病、急性呼吸道感染、性传播疾病、血吸虫病、盘尾丝虫病、结核病、霍乱、百日咳、肝炎、脑膜炎、伤寒、拉沙热和黄热病等.深入了解利比里亚任务区传染病的种类和流行概况,对赴利比里亚维和期间的疾病诊断和防疫工作有重要的指导意义.针对利比里亚任务区的传染病概况,结合我们在赴利比里亚维和期间的防疫工作经验,建议各维和分队从以下方面加强和改进防疫工作:(1)采取综合性媒介生物控制措施进行虫媒与动物媒介传染病预防;(2)重视用水安全,做好水质消毒和水质安全检测;(3)有针对性地装备各种传染病的疫苗、诊断试剂、治疗药物和抗血清;(4)加强营区和个人卫生管理,做好卫生安全常识教育,提高疾病预防意识;(5)严格日常生活管理.以上传染病概况和防疫工作建议对赴其他非洲国家的维和分队也有一定的借鉴意义.

An overview of epidemics in Liberia and its revelation for epidemic prevention during peacekeeping operations

Communicable diseases are the major threats to the health and security of all the people living in Liberia, including UN peacekeepers from China. The most prevalent communicable diseases in Liberia include malaria, HIV/AIDS, acute respiratory infection, sexual transmitted disease, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, tuberculosis, cholera, pertussis, hepatitis, meningococcal disease, typhoid fever, Lassa fever and yellow fever. An insight into the profiles and epidemiology of the above epidemics in Liberia would greatly help peacekeepers with disease diagnosis and epidemic prevention. According to the profiles of epidemics in Liberia and the authors' experience in epidemic prevention in Liberia, the authors recommend that peacekeepers strengthen their epidemic prevention as follows. Firstly, a combined vector control strategy is suggested for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. Secondly, water safety should be highlighted by water disinfection and regular water quality testing. Thirdly, vaccines, diagnostic reagents and medications should be accordingly outfitted. Then, the awareness of epidemic prevention and individual hygiene should be improved by education and strict management. Finally, the daily life management for peacekeepers is also very important. The epidemic overviews and strategies for epidemic prevention described in this paper are also useful for all the other peacekeepers deployed in Africa.