模拟野战医疗所条件下超声对颅脑损伤手术的指导价值

目的 探讨超声检查在野战医疗所无CT装备的条件下进行颅脑损伤手术中的应用价值.方法 模拟野战医疗所条件,模拟战时条件,随机选择患者年龄在18～60岁患者根据医学伦理学原则,首先行头颅CT扫描,由野战陕疗所两名神经外科医师在未知CT扫描结果的情况下与已知CT扫描结果的两名相同资质神经外科医师同时对伤情进行判断,判断是否手术,最后由已知CT扫描结果的两名神经外科医师决定是否手术,最终选择不宜长时间后送、需紧急手术的患者45例行开颅手术,术式亦由两组医师同时判断,由后者决定.野战医疗所医师实施手术,术中先行超声检查,记录检查结果,随后与CT扫描结果进行比对,在于术过程中实时超声扫描.结果 超声共发现病变64个,需手术处理60个.CT扫描结果为82个,需手术处理64个.与头颅CT检查或手术探查进行对比发现,硬膜外血肿及硬膜下血肿的超声检出率最高,脑内血肿次之,硬膜下积液及脑挫裂伤的枪出率较低,总检出符合率为87.1%.结论 超声检查能在我军野战医疗所无CT装备的条件下帮助医师在颅脑损伤开颅手术中正确地判断病灶,减少术中操作的盲目性,避免遗漏病灶,具有重要的实用价值.

Guiding value of ultrasound in operation for traumatic brain injuries in simulation field hospitals

Objective To study the value of ultrasound in operation for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in simulation field hospitals where computed tomography (CT) equipment is unavailable.Methods The wartime conditions were simulated, and the patients at age of 18-60 years were randomly selected.According to the principles of medical ethics, all patients received CT scanning.Two neurosur-geons from the field hospital who did not know the result of CT examination cooperated with another two neurosurgeons who got the results of the CT examination to determine whether operation should be ap-plied.Forty-five patients who needed emergency craniotomy were finally selected.The operations were performed by two neurosurgeons from the field hospital, with real-time ultrasound monitoring.The results of ultrasound were compared with that of CT scanning.Results A total of 64 lesions were found by ul-trasound , and 60 of which should be treated by operation.In the meantime, 82 lesions were found by CT scanning, 64 of which should be treated operatively.Epidural hematoma and subdural hematoma had high ultrasound detection rate, followed by intracerebral hematoma, subdural effusion and brain contusion.The overall detection rate of ultrasound was 87.1%.Conclusion Ultrasound plays an important role in correctly finding the focus so as to reduce blind operation and avoid omission of the focus in field hospi-tals, where CT equipment is usually unavailable.