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A respiratory-vocal pathway in the brainstem of the pigeon
Authors:J. Martin Wild  J.J.A. Arends  
Affiliation:1. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;2. West Laboratory, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, NY 10024, U.S.A.;1. Department of Surgery and Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Rm T2141 Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada;2. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1280 Main Street West, 2C Area, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada;1. MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extrodinary Conditions, School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, PR China;2. Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Application, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, PR China;3. Shijiazhuang Mechanical Engineering College, ShiJia Zhuang 050003, PR China;1. Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;2. Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;3. Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;4. Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0H3
Abstract:To provide an anatomical basis for the interaction of respiration and vocalization, neuroanatomical tracing experiments were undertaken to define the link between the nucleus receiving input from the lung and the tracheosyringeal motor nucleus (nXIIts). The ventral parabrachial nucleus (PBv) receives a projection from the lateral parasolitary nucleus and from the midbrain and projects to nXIIts. The PBv is therefore well placed to gate the activity of nXIIts neurons during respiration.
Keywords:Avian   Respiration   Vocalization   Nucleus tractus solitarius   Parabrachial nucleus   Tracheosyringeal motor nucleus (nXIIts)
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