重庆市铜梁地区重金属污染对2岁幼儿神经心理发育的影响

目的探讨重庆市铜梁地区燃煤电厂关闭前后环境污染物(重金属铅、镉、汞)对儿童早期神经心理发育的影响。方法采用前瞻性队列研究方法,纳入122对(关闭前2年)和118对(关闭后2年)健康母子,分别检测母血和脐血血清铅、镉、汞水平,并测试幼儿2岁时的神经心理发育水平。结果该地区电厂关闭前2年出生婴儿脐血汞水平与其2岁时运动、语言、个人-社会及平均发育商存在负相关(β=-0.202,β=-0.202,β=-0.231,β=-0.250,P<0.05);关闭后2年出生婴儿脐血汞水平与其2岁时语言、个人-社会及平均发育商存在负相关(β=-0.136,β=-0.241,β=-0.182,P<0.05)。关闭前后出生婴儿脐血铅高水平组(>34.0μg/L,>34.6μg/L)各能区发育商均低于脐血铅低水平组(≤34.0μg/L,≤34.6μg/L),其中适应和个人-社会发育商均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论该地区存在铅、镉、汞重金属污染,且铅、汞污染对2岁儿童神经心理发育造成损害。

Effect of heavy metal pollution on neuropsychological development of 2-year-old infants from Tongliang District,Chongqing

Objective To study the effect of environment pollution(lead,cadmium and mercury) before and after shutdown of the coal-fired power plant in Tongliang District,Chongqing on early neuropsychological development of children.Methods A total of 122(born 2 years before shutdown of the coal-fired plant) and 118 infants(born 2 years after shutdown of the coal-fired plant) paired maternal-neonatal subjects were recruited in this prospective cohort study.Serum lead,cadmium and mercury levels in blood of mothers and cord blood of infants,and neuropsychological development levels of 2 years old infants were measured,respectively.Results The mercury level in cord blood of infants who were born before shutdown of the coal-fired power plant was negatively correlated with the motor,language,social and average development quotient(DQ) of those at the age of 2 years(β=-0.202,β=-0.202,β=-0.231,β=-0.250,P<0.05) and of those who were born 2 years after shutdown of the coal-fired power plant(β=-0.136,β=-0.241,β=-0.182,P<0.05).The DQ was lower in infants with a high lead level in cord blood than in those with a low lead level in cord blood before and after shutdown of the coal-fired power plant(≤34.0 μg/L vs >34.0 μg/L,≤34.6 μg/L vs >34.6 μg/L,P<0.05).Conclusion There is lead,cadmium and mercury pollution in Tongliang District,Chongqing.Lead and mercury pollution impairs the neuropsychological development of 2 years old infants.