实施量化分级前后电镀企业主要职业病危害因素情况分析

目的 初步评估量化分级管理对电镀企业工作场所职业病危害程度的影响.方法 在量化分级管理前后对40家电镀企业进行工作场所职业病危害检测,根据国家现有的检测标准、职业接触限值和场所存在危害的情况确定检测项目,包括硫酸、盐酸、氰化物、二氧化氮、氢氧化钠、三氯乙烯、氯化锌、可溶性镍、铬酸盐、粉尘、噪声、及综合温度热指数.结果 量化分级后硫酸(P=0.013)、二氧化氮(P=0.001)、三氯乙烯(P =0.047)、氯化锌(P=0.012)的浓度较量化分级前差异有统计学意义,其他检测项目浓度值在量化分级前后差异无统计学差异(均有P＞0.05).三氯乙烯的检测合格率在量化分级前后差异有统计学意义(P =0.047),其他项目的检测合格率在量化分级前后差异无统计学差异(均有P＞0.05).结论 实施量化分级管理可降低电镀企业工作场所职业病危害因素的浓度,尤其是对用量大和挥发性高的化学品影响较明显.

Analysis of the major occupational hazards in electroplating enterprises before and after the implementation of thequantitative classification management

Objective To evaluate the impact of quantitative classification management on workplace occupational hazards in electroplating enterprises. Methods The concentration of workplace occupational hazards before and after the quantitative classification management was analyzed in 40 electroplating enterprises. Based on the current national occupa- tional hazards standard and the specific situation in the electroplating enterprises, sulfuric acid, nitrogen dioxide, cyanide, nitrogen dioxide, sodium hydroxide, trichloroethylene, zinc chloride, nickel, chromate, dust, noise, and wet bulb globe temperature （WBGT） were included as the study outcomes. Results T-tests indicated that the concentration of sulfuric acid （ P = 0. 013 ） , nitrogen dioxide （ P = O. 001 ） , trichloroethylene （ P = 0. 047 ） and zinc chloride （ P = 0. 012 ） signifi- cantly decreased after the implementation of quantitative classification management, while the decreases other hazards were not statistically significant （ all P 〉 0, 05 ）. In addition, the pass rate of trichloroethylene significantly increased after the implementation of the quantitative classification management （ P = 0. 047 ）. No significant differences were noted on the pass rates of other hazards （ all P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Quantitative classification management can reduce the concen- tration of electroplating enterprises occupational hazards in the workplace, particularly for the chemicals with high volatility and large consumption.