2008-2011年中国大陆手足口病流行特征分析

目的 旨在探讨全国手足口病“三间分布”(人群、时间、空间)的流行规律,为手足口病防控提供科学依据.方法 利用描述性研究方法和基于地理信息系统(geographic information systems,GIS)的可视化展示技术,对2008-2011年全国手足口病监测数据进行系统分析.结果 人群研究表明,病例绝大多数发生于5岁以下年龄段,占所有患者的89.5％;2008-2011年男性人群的手足口病发病率均高于女性人群(均有P＜0.001);发病人群主要以散居儿童为主.基于时间研究表明,手足口病发病率前3年呈现逐年升高的趋势,2011年开始下降,发病时间呈现明显的季节性特征.基于空间分布研究表明,不同地区发病强度不同,呈现明显的地区差异,发病高发大多数集中在发达地区,总体态势是从北方向南部(特别是沿海地区)、东部向西部扩散的趋势,而西南地区仍处于较低的发病水平.结论 中国大陆手足口病发病有明显的季节、地区、年龄、性别和人群分布特征,因此,做好重点地区、重点时段、重点人群的防控工作尤为重要.

The epidemic features of the hand,foot, and mouth disease during 2008 - 2011 in China

Objective To investigate the hand foot and mouth disease （HFMD） about its distributions, time, and space, the outcome could support for evidence-based policy-making of the prevention and control of the disease. Methods Descriptive methods and the visualization technology based on the geographic information systems （GIS） were used to conduct systematic analysis for the HFMD monitoring data during 2008 - 2011 in China. Results Population-based studies shown that the vast majority of cases occurred in children under the age of five years,which acconted for 89. 5% in all age groups. The incidence rate of males was higher than that of females in all age groups. The scattered living children were vulnerable to the HFMD, followed by preschool children, students and other occupational groups. Time-based studies showed that the number of HFMD cases increased year by year from 2008 to 2010, and began to decline in 2011. The an- nual epidemic peak sturted at the end of March and sustained until August. The spatial distribution based studies illustrated that the incidence of HFMD in economically developed areas and those with high population density were higher than that of other areas, the southwest region had a relatively low incidence level（ especially in coastal areas）, and high incidence region had a shifted trend from the north to east and south. Conclusions The epidemic of the HFMD has obvious characteristics of season, region, age, sex, and population distribution, so it is important to do well in the prevention and control of the focused areas, period, and the targeted populations.