Assessing pain in children |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India;2. Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India;1. Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;2. Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;3. Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Switzerland;4. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany;1. Program in Craniofacial Structure and Functional Biology, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Center, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. University of Southampton, School of Psychology, Southampton, UK;2. Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK;3. University of Stirling, Psychology, Stirling, UK |
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| Abstract: | Acute pain is one of the most common experiences a child will have as a result of injury, illness or medical procedures. It is associated with anxiety, fear, stress and distress. Despite this, acute pain in a child is often inadequately assessed, managed and treated. The paediatric experience of acute pain involves the interaction of physiological, psychological, behavioural, developmental and situational factors. The subjectivity and multidimensional nature of pain requires clinicians to approach pain assessment using a combination of a child’s verbal report in conjunction with behavioural observation and physiological measures. Recognizing, treating and reassessing are essential components of acute pain assessment. Wherever possible a proactive approach should be adopted, where pain assessment is integrated into the holistic admission procedure rather than performed in isolation when the child is in pain. To provide effective pain management in children, healthcare professionals should use age and developmentally appropriate pain assessment tools, anticipate painful experiences and intervene accordingly. This article describes pain assessment tools for the management of acute pain in infants and children (excluding neonates). |
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