Activation of bovine neutrophil functions by interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 alpha

Neutrophils are the first line of defence against microbial infections. They are important in protecting the bovine mammary gland against environmental and pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Neutrophils in the peripheral blood of healthy cows are functionally a heterogeneous population of cells with markedly varied phagocytic and oxidative activities. Several cytokines have been found to augment leucocyte functions in humans and animal studies. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to determine if recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (rhIL-1 alpha), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (rhTNF-alpha), and interferon-gamma (rhIFN-gamma) would potentiate the functional activity of bovine blood neutrophils, thereby providing a possible means to manipulate the resistance of cows to microbial infections.Neutrophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of nine Holstein-Friesian heifers, with a purity of 89%–96% and viability greater than 98%. Aliquots of neutrophils were incubated with five concentrations of rhIL-1 alpha (0.001–10 ng/ml), rhTNF-alpha (0.5–1000 ng/ml), and rhIFN-gamma (0.01-100 ng/ml) at 37°C for 1 h. Then, fluorescein-labelled opsonised zymosan particles were added and the neutrophil suspensions were incubated further for 30 min to evaluate phagocytic activity by fluorescence microscopy. Similarly, unlabelled opsonised zymosan particles and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) were added and incubation was carried out for 15 min to evaluate oxidative activity by a spectrophotometric method. Chemotactic activity of cytokine-treated neutrophils for E. coli lipopolysaccharide-activated fetal calf serum was evaluated using a modified Boyden chamber method. The results showed that pretreatment of neutrophils with various concentrations of each cytokine enhanced their phagocytic and NBT reductive activities but reduced chemotactic activity. The phagocytic and NBT reductive activities increased significantly (p0.05) with an increase in the concentration of the cytokines.