腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术动物模型的建立方法

目的 建立训练腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术的动物模型. 方法 10只体质量30kg左右小型雌性猪作为实验动物,氯氨酮(10 mg/kg)诱导麻醉,3.5%戊巴比妥钠(0.25 g/kg)术中维持.取仰卧位经脐点穿刺导人CO2制备气腹,放置3个工作套管.游离子宫角以替代扩张的输尿管.按膀胱外黏膜下隧道法(Lich-Gregoir)标准步骤进行手术.4名具有腹腔镜体外模拟训练经验的学员参加培训,根据手术时间评估学员的学习曲线. 结果 能够在该动物模型上成功完成腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术的各项操作技术,每侧可进行2次手术.学员接受10次输尿管再植术训练后,平均手术时间从最初的(170±10)min降至(90±4)min(P<0.01),学员均能熟练完成腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术. 结论 该模型利用子宫角替代扩张输尿管提供多次训练机会,能使学员掌握膀胱外黏膜下输尿管膀胱再植术的腔内操作技巧和手术方法.

Development of a porcine model for laparoscopic ureterovesical reimplantation training

Objective To develop and evaluate a porcine model for laparoscopic ureterovesical reimplantation (LUR) training. Methods Ten female pigs with a mean weight of 30 kg were used and the animals were placed on supine position after anesthesia. One 10 mm port and two 5 mm ports were placed after the establishment of pneumoperitoneum. The horn of uterus was used as "ureter". A model simulating the performance of LUR was then established on the mini-pigs. Four trainees per-formed the LUR procedures on the animal models during an advanced laparoscopic urology training course, following the technique criteria exactly used in LUR. The learning curve was analyzed in terms of operation time. Results The porcine model for laparoscopic training was established suc-cessfully and 4 LUR trainings was performed on each porcine. Each trainee performed 10 LURs on the models during the training course. The operation time declined from 170±10 rain initially to 90±4 rain after the training course (P<0.01). At the end of this training, all trainees could accomplish a watertight LUR procedure on the model. Conclusions The establishment of the training model is feasible. The trainees could acquire skills needed to perform LUR in vivo based on this simple model and to develop dexterity and facility in laparoscopic manipulation of needles and sutures as well. The model provides a platform for basic techniques training of the ureteral reconstruction procedures.