产前超声在胎儿鼻骨缺失与鼻骨短小中的诊断效果及与预后的相关性研究

目的研究产前超声在胎儿鼻骨缺失与鼻骨短小中的诊断效果及与预后的相关性。方法随机选取2016年8月至2018年8月我院中孕期孕妇的鼻骨发育异常胎儿138例,采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对其进行产前超声检查,然后统计分析鼻骨缺失和鼻骨短小胎儿合并畸形情况、单纯和合并畸形鼻骨发育异常胎儿的染色体异常发生情况、单纯鼻骨缺失和鼻骨短小胎儿的染色体异常发生情况。结果 138例鼻骨发育异常胎儿中,48例鼻骨缺失,14例合并畸形,合并畸形率为29.2%;90例鼻骨短小,26例合并畸形,合并畸形率为28.9%。鼻骨缺失和鼻骨短小胎儿合并畸形率之间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。接受染色体检查82例,其中64例为单纯鼻骨发育异常,8例染色体异常,染色体异常发生率为12.5%;18例为鼻骨发育异常合并畸形,14例染色体异常,染色体异常发生率为77.8%。鼻骨发育异常合并畸形胎儿的染色体异常发生率显著高于单纯鼻骨发育异常胎儿(P<0.05)。单纯鼻骨发育异常胎儿64例中,18例单纯鼻骨缺失,其中1例染色体异常,染色体异常发生率为5.6%;46例单纯鼻骨短小,其中6例染色体异常,染色体异常发生率为13.0%。单纯鼻骨缺失和鼻骨短小胎儿的染色体异常发生率之间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论产前超声在胎儿鼻骨缺失与鼻骨短小中的诊断效果好,能够将有效依据提供给临床治疗,从而有效改善患者预后,值得推广。

Prenatal ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal nasal bone deficiency and short nasal bone and its relation with prognosis

Objective:To study the diagnostic effect of prenatal ultrasound in fetal nasal bone loss and nasal bone shortening and its correlation with prognosis.Methods:138 fetuses with abnormal nasal bone development in pregnant women in our hospital from August 2016 to August 2018 were randomly selected.They were examined by color Doppler ultrasonography before delivery.Then the incidences of chromosomal abnormalities,nasal bone defects and nasal bone abnormalities in fetuses with nasal bone deficiency and nasal bone short fetuses chromosome abnormalities in short fetuses were statistically analyzed.Results:Among 138 fetuses with abnormal nasal bone development,48 cases had missing nasal bone,14 cases had abnormal nasal bone,the rate of abnormal nasal bone was 29.2%,90 cases had short nasal bone,26 cases had abnormal nasal bone,the rate of abnormal nasal bone was 28.9%.There was no significant difference in the rate of malformation between nasal bone loss and nasal bone short fetuses(P > 0.05).82 patients underwent chromosome examination,including 64 cases of simple nasal bone dysplasia,8 cases of chromosome abnormality.The incidence of chromosome abnormality was 12.5%.Eighteen cases of nasal bone dysplasia complicated with malformation,14 cases of chromosome abnormality,the incidence of chromosome abnormality was 77.8%.The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with nasal bone dysplasia and malformation was significantly higher than that in fetuses with nasal bone dysplasia alone(P<0.05).Among 64 fetuses with simple nasal bone dysplasia,18 had simple nasal bone deletion,of which 1 had chromosomal abnormality,and the incidence of chromosomal abnormality was 5.6%.46 had simple nasal bone short,of which 6 had chromosomal abnormality,and the incidence of chromosomal abnormality was 13.0%.There was no significant difference in the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities between simple nasal bone loss and short fetuses of nasal bone(P>0.05).Conclusion:Prenatal ultrasound is effective in the diagnosis of fetal nasal bone loss and nasal bone shortening.It can provide effective basis for clinical treatment and effectively improve the prognosis of patients,so is worthy of promotion.