北京市房山区某中学初中生超重和肥胖与营养KAP相关性调查

目的了解初中生超重和肥胖与营养知识、态度、饮食行为(KAP)的相关性,为预防初中生超重和肥胖发生及开展营养教育提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2018年7月—2019年3月期间随机抽取北京市房山区某中学初中3个年级共190名同学,进行体成分分析、身高、体重测量及问卷调查,根据2004年《中国学龄儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查体质量指数分类标准》筛选超重和肥胖初中生,采用Spearman秩相关分析营养KAP与体质指数(BMI)的相关性。结果共回收有效问卷181份,有效率为95.3%。男生超重和肥胖检出率分别为27.0%和19.1%,女生为14.1%和23.9%。初中生营养KAP得分不佳,平均得分为12.54±2.33,女生得分(12.71±2.27)略高于男生(12.37±2.40)。营养态度得分与BMI呈正相关(r=0.171,P<0.05)。结论营养KAP与初中生超重和肥胖存在一定相关性,提高营养健康教育及饮食行为干预是预防初中生超重和肥胖的重要措施。

Investigation on the relationship between overweight and obesity and KAP among middle school students in Fangshan District of Beijing

Objective To explore the relationship between overweight and obesity and nutrition knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)in junior high school students,and provide reference for prevention of overweight and obesity in junior high school students and nutrition education.Methods A stratified cluster extraction method was used to randomly select 190 students from 3 grades in a middle school in Fangshan District of Beijing from July 2018 to March 2019.Body composition analysis,height measurement,weight measurement and questionnaire survey were conducted.Overweight and obese junior high school students were screened according to the 2004"Chinese school-age children and adolescents overweight,obesity screening body mass index classification criteria",and Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between nutritional KAP and body mass index(BMI).Results Totally 181 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective recovery rate of 95.3%.The detection rates of overweight and obesity in junior high school boys were 27.0%and 19.1%,and the rate in girls were 14.1%and 23.9%respectively.Junior high school students had poor nutrition KAP scores,with an average of 12.54±2.33,and girls(12.71±2.27)were higher than boys(12.37±2.40).Nutritional attitude was positively correlated with BMI(r=0.171,P<0.05).Conclusion There is a certain correlation between nutritional KAP and overweight and obesity in junior high school students.Improving nutrition health education and dietary behavior intervention are important measures to prevent overweight and obesity among junior high school students.