济南市老年人社会资本与健康促进生活方式的相关性

目的了解老年人社会资本与健康促进生活方式的现状及二者的关系。方法2019年1月采用社会资本量表简化版和健康促进生活方式量表,对济南市1201名老年人进行问卷调查。结果济南市老年人社会资本总分为72.07±13.03,社会参与、社会支持、社会联系、信任、归属感、互惠维度得分分别为7.87±3.45、11.34±3.37、11.60±2.57、11.65±2.60、18.86±4.11、10.76±2.63。不同教育程度、身体健康状况、家庭经济水平、婚姻状况的老年人社会资本得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。老年人健康促进生活方式总分为112.23±23.25,高社会资本得分组健康促进生活方式总分及各维度得分均高于低社会资本组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,老年人社会资本与健康促进生活方式之间存在正相关关系(r=0.512,P<0.01);回归分析结果显示,社会资本(F=426.856,P<0.01,调整R^2=0.262)及互惠、社会参与、信任、社会支持、社会联系维度(F=103.517,P<0.01,调整R^2=0.299)对健康促进生活方式均有正向预测作用。结论老年人社会资本对其健康促进生活方式具有积极影响,应从普及老年健康教育、建立健全老年人活动场所、提高养老保障水平等方面扩大老年人社会资本,充分挖掘社会资本在健康生活方式养成中的潜能与优势。

Correlation between social capital and health-promoting lifestyle of the elderly in Jinan City

Objective To understand the conditions of social capital and health-promoting lifestyle among elderly people,and to explore the relationship between them.Methods Totally 1201 elderly people from Jinan City were selected to complete a questionnaire composed of Social Capital Scale and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Scale in January 2019.Results The total score of social capital was 72.07±13.03,including the social participation dimension(7.87±3.45),the social support dimension(11.34±3.37),the social bonding dimension(11.60±2.57),the reliance dimension(11.65±2.60),the sense of belonging dimension(18.86±4.11)and the reciprocity dimension(10.76±2.63).The differences of scores in social capital among elderly in different levels of education,physical health condition,family economic status and marital status were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The total score of health-promoting lifestyle was 112.23±23.25.The score of health-promoting lifestyle and all dimensions of the group with high social capital were higher than that with low social capital,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between elderly people’s social capital and health-promoting lifestyle(r=0.512,P<0.01).Regression analysis showed that social capital(F=426.856,P<0.01,adjusted R^2=0.262)and its reciprocity,social participation,reliance,social support and social bonding dimension(F=103.517,P<0.01,adjusted R^2=0.299)h ad a positive predictive effect on health-promoting lifestyle.Conclusion The social capital of the elderly has a positive effect on their health promoting lifestyle.The social capital of the elderly people should be expanded from the aspects of popularizing the aging education,raising the level of old-age security,enriching the activity venues for the elderly to explore its potential and advantages in developing a healthy lifestyle.