常见粉尘固有健康危害分级评价技术研究

  目的  建立常见粉尘固有健康危害分级评价方法。
  方法  通过文献查询和TOPSISI法筛选了常见58种粉尘的固有健康危害因素指标并确定权重，通过流行病学数据和毒理学数据确定每种指标的健康危害分值，运用“危害分值×权重=危害指数”计算综合评价指数。
  结果  常见粉尘固有健康危害指标包括致纤维化、致癌性和致敏性，权重分别为5、3、2。确立的粉尘危害综合评价指数（H）=致纤维化危害分值× 5+致癌性危害分值× 3+致敏性危害分值× 2。根据综合评价指数将58种粉尘固有健康危害分为4类，即极度危害（4种）、高度危害（8种）、中度危害（24种）、轻度危害（22种）。
  结论  常见粉尘固有健康危害分级评价技术利用现有证据，结合了TOPSISI法，可为粉尘固有健康风险量化评估及分级管理提供科学依据，其结果便于相关从业人员对各类粉尘进行信息查询和分类管理。

Technological research on hazard classification of common dusts

  Objective  To establish a classification method of health hazards of common dusts.  Methods  Through literature search and TOPSIS method, health hazard indicator and corresponding weighting coefficient of 58 dusts were determined and the score of each health hazard indicator was assessed based on both epidemiological data and toxicological data. Then, a comprehensive evaluation index, named as hazard index, of each dust was calculated based on cumulative sum of "health hazard score × weighting coefficient".  Results  Three types of health hazards of dusts were considered, including fibrosis, carcinogenicity and allergenicity. The weighting coefficients were determined as 5, 3 and 2, respectively. The health hazard score varied from 0 to 4 based on the evidence of epidemiological and/or toxicological results. The comprehensive evaluation index of dust=health hazard score of fibrosis × 5 + of health hazard score of carcinogenicity × 3 + of health hazard score of allergenicity × 2, which could be divided into four grading levels, namely extreme hazard (4 kinds), high hazard (8 kinds), medium hazard (24 kinds) and mild hazard (22 kinds).  Conclusion  Based on the available evidence and combined with TOPSIS method, the comprehensive evaluation index of dust was determined and could provide scientific basis for quantitative assessment and classification management of common dust.