手传振动与噪声联合暴露对男性作业工人心电图及血压的影响

  目的  了解手传振动及噪声联合暴露对工人心电图和血压的影响。
  方法  选取某汽车制造企业单纯接触噪声的200名作业工人为噪声暴露组，单纯接触手传振动的201名作业工人为手传振动暴露组，同时接触噪声和手传振动的199名作业工人为联合暴露组，194名厂区行政办公人员为对照组，均为男性员工。收集研究对象的基本情况和心电图以及血压测量结果，分析手传振动与噪声联合暴露对男性作业工人心电图及血压的影响。
  结果  四组人群的年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、体质量指数差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。噪声暴露组、手传振动暴露组及联合暴露组的心电图及血压异常率均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。logistic回归分析结果发现:相比对照组，噪声暴露、手传振动暴露及联合暴露人员发生心电图异常的危险性分别提升至2.542、2.426、3.405倍（P < 0.05），发生血压异常的危险性分别提升至1.786、2.962、4.971倍（P < 0.05）。
  结论  手传振动暴露、噪声暴露、手传振动和噪声联合暴露对作业工人血压、心电图均有明显影响，而联合暴露对心电图和血压异常的影响具有协同作用。

Effects of combined exposure to hand-transmitted vibration and noise on male workers' electrocardiogram and blood pressure

  Objective  To understand the adverse effects of combined exposure of noise and hand vibration on male workers'electrocardiogram(ECG)and blood pressure.  Methods  The male workers in an automobile manufacturing company were studied and they were divided into 4 groups according to their exposure characteristics, namely, 200 workers in noise exposure group, 201 workers in manual vibration exposure group, 199 workers in the combined exposure group (noise and hand-transmitted vibration), and 194 male factory administrative staff in the control group. The basic information, ECG and blood pressure measurement results of these subjects were collected, and the effects of hand-transmitted vibration and noise exposure on ECG and blood pressure of these workers were analyzed.  Results  There was no significant difference of age, smoking habit, drinking habit and body mass index among these workers in four groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the abnormal rates of ECG and blood pressure in noise exposure group, hand-transmitted vibration exposure group and combined exposure group were higher(P < 0.05), and the logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of abnormal ECG of these groups was 2.542, 2.426 and 3.405, and the risk of abnormal blood pressure was 1.786, 2.962 and 4.971, respectively(P < 0.05).  Conclusions  Hand transmitted vibration and noise exposure have significant adverse effects on blood pressure and electrocardiogram, and the combined exposure to these two factors has synergistic adverse effect on ECG and abnormal blood pressure.