1 059例急性酒精中毒患者流行病学特征分析

  目的  探索上海市普陀区急性酒精中毒病例的流行病学特征，为预防和控制酒精中毒事件的发生提供科学依据。
  方法  对2014年1月1日—2018年12月31日间普陀区某大型综合性医院收治的1 059例急性酒精中毒病例进行调查分析。
  结果  从该医院收治的患者分析，普陀区急性酒精中毒的发病率有逐年上升趋势（P < 0.01），患者以男性为主（占病例总数的71.4%），年龄集中在20~39岁（占病例总数的66.4%），中毒病例以工人为主，占病例总数的34.8%；女性及学生群体例数呈增长趋势，且女性患者年龄较男性低（P < 0.01）。夏秋季患者占比较多。治愈组的毒物暴露时间中位数为3.0（2.0~4.0）h，高于留观组的2.3（1.0~3.0）h（P < 0.01）。
  结论  普陀区的酒精中毒现象有加重趋势。对青少年和成年人全面开展酗酒或酒精中毒危害的健康教育和干预十分必要。

Epidemiological characteristics of 1 059 acute alcohol intoxication cases

  Objective  To explore the characteristics of acute alcohol intoxication cases in Putuo District in Shanghai, and to provide orientation for improvement of monitoring, prevention and control of alcohol intoxication.  Methods  The data of 1 059 cases treated in a large-scale general hospital in Putuo District during January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 were collected and analyzed.  Results  The morbidity rate of acute alcohol poisoning in Putuo District showed an upward trend year by year(P < 0.01). The majority of the poisoning patients were male(71.4%) with the age gathered between 20 and 39 years old(66.4%), and 34.8% of all cases were skilled workers. The number of female patients and students of acute alcohol intoxication cases showed an increasing trend during 2014 to 2018, and the age of female patients was lower than that of male(P < 0.01). The number of patients with acute alcoholism varied with seasons, and the proportion in summer and autumn was higher than that in winter and spring. The median time interval between occurrence of poisoning and hospital admission was 3.0(2.0-4.0) h for the cured patients, while 2.3(1.0-3.0) h for patients staying in hospital for 24 h or longer(P < 0.01).  Conclusion  The alcoholism in Putuo District was becoming more serious. It is necessary to carry out comprehensive health education and intervention for adolescents and adults.