职业卫生示范企业创建实践中职业卫生投入分析

目的探讨用人单位职业卫生投入与职业卫生工作水平的关系。方法根据用人单位职业病防治指南及评估工具，通过制度创建职业卫生示范企业的方案和程序文件，企业开展基线评估、针对评估发现的问题采取改进措施、再经专家审议、现场评审与验收等程序，组织企业创建职业卫生示范企业。本研究建立了企业基本情况数据库、示范企业评分结果数据库，并应用SPSS15．0、EpiData3．1软件，使用相关分析方法、一般线性模型等方法进行资料统计与分析。结果参加现场评审的64家企业①人均职业卫生经费排在前三位的行业是核工业、电力和建材，人均费用分别是15953元，8645元，6020元；②职业接触者人均职业卫生费用排在前三位的行业是建材、核工业和电力，人均费用分别是28117元，26469元，25139元；③职业卫生投入占总产值百分比排在前三位的行业是有色、建材和石油，分别是1．45％、1．37％、1．05％；④职业卫生投入占总利税前三位的是化工、有色和航空，分别是38．00％、28．91％、28．76％；⑤职业接触者人均职业卫生费用也与综合得分有线性关系，费用投入高者得分亦高。结论①职业卫生工作水平和职业卫生投入有关，职业接触者人均职业卫生费用是敏感指标，投入越高职业卫生工作水平越高；②开展职业卫生投入、疾病负担的研究，筛查敏感指标，对企业有效分配职业卫生资源具有重要指导意义；③通过研究分析职业卫生政策、措施的成本和效果、筛选优先重点控制领域，对指导国家职业卫生资源的有效合理分配具有重要意义。

Analysis on the occupational health cost in the development of model enterprises on occupational health

Objective： To discuss the relationship between employer＇s occupational health costs and the outcome of occupational health. Methods： Based onGuideh＇ne for Employer on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and its assessment instruments, model enterprises could be built through a series of approaches shown as follows： to develop the plan and the procedure documents for establishing model enterprises for occupational diseases prevention and control, to carry out the baseline assessment, to take corrective measures to solve the problems found in the assessment, and to conduct documents review and field assessment. The occupational health authority organize pilot research. After that we established basic situation database of enterprises and scoring results database of the applying model enterprises. The statistics analysis was made by SPSS 15.0 and EpiData 3.1 using correlation analysis method and GLM model. Results： The results of costs among 64 enterprises participating in the field assessment were： （1）The top 3 sector economies sorted by the per person cost of occupational health are nuclear industry （ ￥ 15,953 ）, electric power （ ￥ 8, 645 ）and building materials （ ￥ 6,020）, respectively;（2）The top 3 sector economies sorted by the cost of occupational health for employees exposed to occupational hazards are building materials （ ￥ 28,117 ）, nuclear industry （ ￥ 26,469 ） and electric power（ ￥ 25,139 ）, respectively; （3）The top 3 sector economies sorted by the percentage of occupational health costs in gross product are nonferrous metals（ 1.45% ）, building materials（ 1.37% ） and petroleum（ 1.05% ）, respectively; （4）The top 3 sector economies sorted by the percentage of occupational health cost in total profit and tax are nonferreus metals （ 38.00 % ）, aviation （ 28.91% ） and chemical industry （ 28.76 % ）, respectiely; （5）The average occupational health costs for employees exposed to occupational hazards show linear relationship with comprehensive scores,more costs lead to higher scores. Conclusion： （1）Occupational health outcome is associated with occupational health costs, and the average occupational health costs for employees exposed to occupational hazards is a sensitive implication, and the more costs, the higher occupational health benenfit will be; （2） It is meaningful to research on occupational health costs, disease burden, to screen the sensitive indices for validly guiding enterprises occupational health resource allocation;（3）Research and analysis of occupational health policy, as well as the cost and effect of the measurements, screening of priority and important control region play an important role in guiding national occupational health resource allocation effectively.