四点内固定技术治疗创伤性寰枢椎不稳

目的 探讨对创伤性寰枢椎不稳患者行后路四点内固定术（联合Apofix椎板夹和C1-C2关节突螺钉固定）的临床疗效和应用价值。方法 对16例创伤性寰枢椎不稳经牵引已达复位的可复型及经口前路松解后牵引复位的难复型寰枢椎脱位患者，经颈后路使用Apofix椎板夹和C1～C2关节突螺钉内固定联合自体髂骨植骨。结果 所有患者症状均有所改善，无神经症状加重表现，无神经血管损伤等并发症发生。16例随访8～26个月，平均16个月，均在3～6个月获得骨性融合。本组术后脊髓功能改善为优5例（占31％），良8例（占50％），有效2例（占13％），无变化1例（占6％），无加重患者。内置物无松动、断裂。结论 Apofix椎板夹和C1～C2关节突螺钉内固定确实起到了四点固定作用；对已复位或接近复位的寰枢椎脱位患者，只要寰枢椎后部结构完整即可行力学稳定性最佳的四点内固定术。本术式可使寰枢椎复合体获得三维稳定，为骨性愈合提供良好的力学环境。

Four-point internal fixation technique for traumatic atlantoaxial instability

Objective To explore the clinical effect and application value of four-point internal fixation technique (internal fixation of C_1-C_2 transarticular screws combined with Apofix laminar clamp technique) for traumatic atlantoaxial instability.Methods A total of 16 patients with traumatic atlanto- axial instability,who had reducible atlantoaxial dislocation with reduction after traction and irreducible at- lantoaxial dislocation with traction reduction after anterior laxation,were treated with four-point internal fixation technique using autologous bone grafts.Results All patients' symptoms were improved to some extent,and no severe complications,such as injury of nerve blood vessels were found.All patients were followed up for 8-26 months (average 16 months).Bony fusion was obtained in all cases.The spinal cord function improvement was marked in 5 cases (31%),good in 8(50%),mild in 2(13%),but un- changed in 1 (6%).No deterioration occurred in all cases.There was no loosening or breakage of screws and clamps.Conclusion Fixation of C_1-C_2 transarticular screws combined with Apofix laminar clamp technique can atlain four-point internal fixation,and can provide three-dimensional stability of atlantoaxial complex and excellent biomechanics environment for bony fusion if the structure of the posterior arch of C_1-C_2 is intact.