16~30月龄儿童共同注意能力发展水平及其影响因素

目的 了解16~30月龄儿童共同注意能力发展水平及其影响因素。方法 采用问卷调查法对2016年9~12月在广东省妇幼保健院儿童保健科就诊的1 675名16~30月龄儿童进行共同注意能力及其相关影响因素调查。结果 1 675例儿童中，1 579例（94.27%）在16~30月龄时具备反应性共同注意能力；1 428例（85.25%）具备主动性共同注意能力；男童具备反应性共同注意及主动性共同注意能力的百分比均低于女童（P < 0.001）。母亲年龄、父亲职业、家庭年收入、受孕方式、是否计划内怀孕及分娩方式对儿童共同注意力总得分和反应性共同注意/主动性共同注意能力得分的影响有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 婴幼儿在16~30月龄时基本具备反应性共同注意能力及主动性共同注意能力。16~30月龄男童共同注意能力发展落后于女童。母亲年龄、父亲职业、家庭年收入、受孕方式、是否计划内怀孕及分娩方式可能与儿童共同注意的发展有关。

Developmental level of joint attention ability in children aged 16-30 months and related influencing factors

Objective To investigate the developmental level of joint attention ability in children aged 16-30 months and factors influencing the developmental level.Methods A questionnaire survey was performed among 1 675 children aged 16-30 months who visited the Department of Child Health Care in Guangdong Women and Children''s Hospital between September and December, 2016 to investigate their joint attention ability and related influencing factors.Results Of the 1 675 children, 1 579 (94.27%) had reactive joint attention ability at the age of 16-30 months, and 1 428 (85.25%) had active joint attention ability. The percentages of children with reactive joint attention ability and active joint attention ability in boys were lower than in girls (P < 0.001). Mother''s age, father''s occupation, annual family income, way of conception, intended or unintended pregnancy, and mode of delivery were factors influencing the total score of joint attention ability and the scores of reactive/active joint attention ability (P < 0.05).Conclusions Most children have reactive joint attention ability and active joint attention ability at the age of 16-30 months. During this period of age, boys tend to have poorer joint attention ability than girls. Mother''s age, father''s occupation, annual family income, way of conception, intended or unintended pregnancy, and mode of delivery are associated with the development of joint attention.