上呼吸道感染患儿口服尼美舒利后发生瑞氏综合征及猝死样症状

患儿，男，6岁3个月，2个月前因上呼吸道感染、发热，父母参照说明书予以尼美舒利口服，半小时后抽搐，呼吸心跳骤停，急诊检查发现低酮性低血糖，代谢性酸中毒，血清转氨酶及肌酶显著升高，肾功能受损。经积极复苏治疗后患儿意识及生命体征恢复，但是智力、运动严重倒退。患儿血液游离肉碱降低，中长链酯酰肉碱增高，尿液戊二酸、3-羟基戊二酸、异戊酰甘氨酸、乙基丙二酸等增高，提示多种酯酰辅酶A脱氢酶缺乏症。经维生素B₂、左卡尼汀、苯扎贝特等治疗后患儿病情逐渐好转，3个月后复查生化指标恢复正常。患儿ETFDH基因存在复合杂合突变，c.341G > A（p.R114H）为已知突变（来自母亲），c.1484C > G（p.P495R）为未报道的新突变（来自父亲）。患儿最终确诊为多种酰基辅酶A脱氢酶缺乏症，因发热服用尼美舒利诱发急性代谢危象，导致瑞氏综合征、猝死样发作。遗传代谢病是导致瑞氏综合征、猝死的一组主要病因，生化及基因分析是识别潜在疾病的关键。

Reye syndrome and sudden death symptoms after oral administration of nimesulide due to upper respiratory tract infection in a boy

A boy aged 6 years and 3 months developed upper respiratory tract infection and pyrexia 2 months ago and was given oral administration of nimesulide by his parents according to directions. Half an hour later, the boy experienced convulsions and cardiopulmonary arrest, and emergency examination found hypoketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, significant increases in serum aminotransferases and creatine kinase, and renal damage. Recovery of consciousness and vital signs was achieved after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but severe mental and movement regression was observed. The boy had a significant reduction in free carnitine in blood and significant increases in medium-and long-chain fatty acyl carnitine, urinary glutaric acid, 3-hydroxy glutaric acid, isovalerylglycine, and ethylmalonic acid, suggesting the possibility of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. After the treatment with vitamin B₂, L-carnitine, and bezafibrate, the boy gradually improved, and reexamination after 3 months showed normal biochemical parameters. The boy had compound heterozygous mutations in the ETFDH gene, i.e., a known mutation, c.341G > A (p.R114H), from his mother and a novel mutation, c.1484C > G (p.P495R), from his father. Finally, he was diagnosed with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Reye syndrome and sudden death symptoms were caused by nimesulide-induced acute metabolic crisis. It is concluded that inherited metabolic diseases may be main causes of Reye syndrome and sudden death, and biochemical and genetic analyses are the key to identifying underlying diseases.