Paramolar tubercle in endodontics: An overview,case report and specimen study |
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| Authors: | J. Paras Mull M.K. Manjunath |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;2. Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany;3. Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany;4. Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;1. Discipline of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil;2. College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA;3. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China;1. Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Pl. M. Sk?odowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland;2. Poznań University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Physics, ul. Nieszawska 13 a, 60-965 Poznań, Poland;1. Clinician, Private Practice, Büsingen, Switzerland;2. Clinician, Private Practice, Uster, Switzerland;3. Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;4. Professor, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;1. Adhesive Dentistry Research Group, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkaisenkatu 2, 20520 Turku, Finland;2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil;3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;4. Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, and Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;5. Department of Restorative Dentistry and Cariology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;6. School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Uvaranas – Bloco M – 52B 2 Piso, Avenida General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil;1. Lecturer, Prosthodontics, Restorative Section, Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;2. Associate Professor, Dental Materials, Restorative Section, Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;3. Coordinator for clinical education, General Practice, Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;4. Associate Professor, Head of Prosthodontics, Restorative Section, Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Paramolar tubercle is an additional cusp occurring on the buccal surface of a permanent maxillary molar. Due to their overall low occurrence, there is limited information about root anatomy of paramolar tubercles. Periapical radiographs do not always image the root canal associated with the paramolar tubercle. Teeth with paramolar tubercle can promote problems like dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and may pose problems to the clinician in procedures like orthodontic banding and rubber dam placement. Although, small paramolar tubercles may not have pulp tissue, a very large tubercle may contain separate pulp chamber and associated root canal. For successful management of such teeth requiring endodontic or periodontal therapy, advanced radiographic diagnostic aids should be used. In this paper this anatomical variation in maxillary second molar, was studied (i) by clinical examination, radiographic examination using intra-oral radiography and (ii) macroscopic examination, radiographic examination and by clearing technique in vitro. |
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| Keywords: | Extra cusp Maxillary second molar Paramolar tubercle Parastyle |
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