长沙市妇女妊娠期贫血影响因素的巢式病例对照研究

目的：探讨长沙市妇女妊娠期贫血的发生状况及其影响因素，为有针对性地制定预防策略提供科学依据。方法：随机整群抽取长沙市开福区3个街道2013年1月1日至2013年12月31日分娩的713例产妇，建立队列，于产后15 d内回顾性收集其孕期健康信息。采用回顾性巢式病例对照研究方法，应用条件logistic回归分析妊娠期贫血发生的影响因素。结果：长沙市妇女妊娠期贫血患病率为9.96%。多因素条件logistic回归结果显示：家庭人均月收入高(OR=0.632，P=0.020)、文化程度高(OR=0.276，P=0.033)、补叶酸(OR=0.248，P=0.050)、补铁(OR=0.272，P<0.001)及食用血制品(OR=0.588，P=0.044)是妊娠期贫血发生的保护因素，经产妇(OR=2.917，P=0.003)、孕前月经持续时间长(OR=1.335，P=0.041)、住房新装修(OR=3.690，P=0.045)及饮茶(OR=1.365，P=0.094)是妊娠期贫血发生的危险因素。结论：长沙市妇女妊娠期贫血的患病率处于中下水平。妊娠期贫血的发生与妇女的经济水平与营养状况密切相关，孕产妇加强孕期营养及居室环境监测，少喝浓茶，改善铁的营养状况，可预防或降低妊娠期贫血的发生。

Influential factors for anemia in pregnancy based on a nested case-control study in Changsha

Objective: To explore the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy and the influential factors in changsha city, and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and intervention of anemia during pregnancy. Methods: A cluster sampling of 713 mothers, who delivered baby between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013 in the three streets of kaifu district of Changsha, was selected to establish a retrospective cohort. The maternal health information during pregnancy was collected within 15 days after the delivery. The influential factors of anemia during pregnancy were analyzed by the method of retrospective nested case-control study and conditional logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy in Changsha was 9.96%. The multiple conditional logistic regression results show that high family income (OR=0.632, P=0.020), high education level (OR=0.276, P=0.033), folic acid supplement (OR =0.248, P=0.050), iron supplement (OR=0.272, P<0.001) and eating blood products (OR=0.588, P=0.044) were the beneficial factors for anemia during pregnancy, while multipara (OR=2.917, P=0.003), long duration of menstrual period before pregnancy (OR=1.335, P=0.041), living in new decoration housing (OR=3.690, P=0.045) and tea-drinking (OR=1.365, P=0.094) were the risk factors for anemia during pregnancy. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy in Changsha is below the average levels. The occurrence of anemia during pregnancy is closely related to the women's economic level and nutritional status. Women should strengthen maternal nutrition during pregnancy and bedroom environment monitor, drink little strong tea and improve the nutritional status of iron during pregnancy.