826例0岁至学龄前健康儿童外周血淋巴细胞亚群分布的调查分析

目的 调查分析0岁至学龄前健康儿童外周血淋巴细胞亚群的分布。方法 826例0岁至学龄前汉族儿童分为新生儿组、婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前组，使用流式细胞术检测各组外周血淋巴细胞亚群。结果 CD3⁺细胞、CD3⁺CD4⁺细胞、CD3^-CD19⁺细胞和CD4⁺/CD8⁺在0岁至学龄前儿童不同性别之间的差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05），CD3^-CD19⁺细胞以女童较低，其他3个指标以女童较高；CD3⁺、CD3⁺CD4⁺及CD4⁺/CD8⁺均以新生儿组最高，其中CD3⁺CD4⁺及CD4⁺/CD8⁺含量随年龄增长逐渐降低，至学龄前最低（P < 0.05）；CD3^-CD19⁺和CD3^-CD16⁺CD56⁺细胞含量以新生儿组最低，随年龄增长而增高，CD3^-CD16⁺CD56⁺细胞以学龄前组最高，而CD3^-CD19⁺细胞含量在幼儿期达峰值后降低（P < 0.05）；CD3⁺CD8⁺细胞含量以学龄前组最高（P < 0.05）。不同年龄组男童的淋巴细胞亚群分布的变化趋势与不同年龄组儿童的规律一致；在女童中，CD3⁺CD4⁺及CD4⁺/CD8⁺含量也是以新生儿组最高（P < 0.05）。结论 淋巴细胞亚群在不同年龄、性别健康儿童之间的分布不同，建议按年龄、性别分别建立参考值。

Distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in 826 healthy children aged 0-6 years

Objective To study the distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in healthy children aged 0-6 years. Methods A total of 826 healthy Han children aged 0-6 years were recruited. According to their age, the children were divided into four groups:newborn, infant, toddler and preschool. Their peripheral blood samples were collected to measure the percentages of lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. Results There were significant differences in the percentages of CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD3-CD19+ B cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio between boys and girls (P < 0.05). The girls had a lower percentage of CD3-CD19+ B cells, higher percentages of CD3+ T cells and CD3+CD4+ T cells and a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio than the boys. The newborn group had the highest percentages of CD3+ T cells and CD3+CD4+ T cells and the highest CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD3+CD4+ T cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio gradually decreased with age and the preschool group had the lowest values (P < 0.05). The newborn group had the lowest percentages of CD3-CD19+ B cells and CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK cells (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK cells gradually increased with age and the preschool group had the highest percentage (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD3-CD19+ B cells reached the peak in the toddler period and then decreased with age (P < 0.05). The preschool group had the highest percentage of CD3+CD8+ T cells (P < 0.05). The variation trend of distribution of lymphocyte subsets in boys from different age groups was consistent with that in children from different age groups. For girls, the newborn group had the highest percentage of CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P < 0.05). Conclusions The distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in healthy children is significantly different across ages and sexes. Therefore, the reference values should be established according to age and sex.