The aging human cochlear nucleus: Changes in the glial fibrillary acidic protein,intracellular calcium regulatory proteins,GABA neurotransmitter and cholinergic receptor |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India;2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India;3. Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India;1. School of Life sciences and Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China;2. College of Special Education, Bingzhou Medical College, Yantai, Shangdong, China;3. Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, China;4. Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;1. Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97405, USA;2. Kavli Institute, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;1. Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK;2. MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;3. The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK;4. Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel;5. Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris 75005, France;6. Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;1. University of Tübingen, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;2. University of Tübingen, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;3. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Luding Road, NO. 355. Putuo District, 200062 Shanghai, China;4. University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;1. Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, and Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;3. Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA |
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| Abstract: | The human auditory system is highly susceptible to environmental and metabolic insults which further affect the biochemical and physiological milieu of the cells that may contribute to progressive, hearing loss with aging. The cochlear nucleus (CN) is populated by morphologically diverse types of neurons with discrete physiological and neurochemical properties. Between the dorsal and the ventral cochlear nucleus (DCN and VCN), the VCN is further sub-divided into the rostral (rVCN) and caudal (cVCN) sub-divisions. Although, information is available on the age related neurochemical changes in the mammalian CN similar reports on human CN is still sparse. The morphometry and semiquantitative analysis of intensity of expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), calcium binding proteins (calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin), gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and nicotinic acetyl choline receptor (nAchR) beta 2 immunostaining were carried out in all three sub-divisions of the human CN from birth to 90 years. There was increased GFAP immunoreactivity in decades 2 and 3 in comparison to decade 1 in the CN. But no change was observed in rVCN from decade 4 onwards, whereas intense staining was also observed in decades 5 and 6 in cVCN and DCN. All three calcium binding proteins were highly expressed in early to middle ages, whereas a significant reduction was found in later decades in the VCN. GABA and nAchR beta 2 expressions were unchanged throughout in all the decades. The middle age may represent a critical period of onset and progression of aging changes in the CN and these alterations may add to the deterioration of hearing responses in the old age. |
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| Keywords: | Human auditory nucleus Morphometry Neurotransmitters Aging changes Image analysis |
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