Dialkyl phosphates in amniotic fluid as a biomarker of fetal exposure to organophosphates in Crete,Greece; association with fetal growth |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece;2. Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece;3. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;4. Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224;5. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065;1. Department of Pediatric Allergy and İmmunology, Ankara Children''s Hematology and Oncology Hospital, Ankara, Turkey;2. Department of Pediatric Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey;1. Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant at US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (formerly NHEERL), Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, United States;2. Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States;4. Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study was to evaluate fetal exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) by measuring their non-specific dialkyl-phosphate metabolites (DAPs) in amniotic fluid (AF), and to examine the potential association between prenatal exposure and fetal growth. AF samples were collected from 415 women during the second gestational trimester. The determined OPs metabolites were DMP, DMTP, DEP, DETP, and DEDTP. DAPs were extracted by liquid–solid extraction, derivatized and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. 97.8% of AF samples were positive for at least one DAP. DAPs levels did not differ between urban and rural areas. Macrosomic neonates have significantly higher sum levels of DMPs (p = 0.043), which exerted a linear positive association with birth-weight centile (b = 4.43, p = 0.016). Conclusively, as DAPs are detectable in AF they may be used as a potential biomarker of fetal exposure to OPs. Sum levels of DMPs appear to be associated with birth weight independently of other covariates. |
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| Keywords: | Amniotic fluid Birth weight Dialkyl phosphates Fetal exposure Fetal growth Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry Organophosphate pesticides Pregnancy |
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