围手术期预防应用抗菌药物调查分析

目的分析围手术期抗菌药物使用基本情况及存在问题。方法对全国118所三级综合性医院围手术期预防用药情况进行调研。随机抽取2006年9月11—17日和12月11—17日手术病历各15份,共计3557份,对围手术期预防应用抗菌药物的合理性进行分析评价。结果（1）围手术期预防性抗菌药物的使用率为98％;（2）用药种类：按频次高低排序前3位是三代头孢、二代头孢、喹诺酮类;三代头孢占用药者的50．4％,一代头孢只占16．0％;（3）每例平均用药天数：Ⅰ类切口为7．4d,Ⅱ类切口为7．6d,Ⅲ类切口为10．5d;（4）用药时机：手术开始前2h内用药者只占30．4％,手术结束后才用药者占52．2％;（5）16．7％病例无用药适应证;（6）在抗菌药物的用法、用量、药物更换以及联合用药的指征掌握、药物配伍等方面,也存在诸多不合理现象。结论118所医院围手术期抗菌药物使用率过高,疗程过长,在药物选择、用药时机、联合用药方面不合理、不规范的情况比较普遍,改进的空间较大。

Survey of the perioperative prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents in 118 hospitals in China

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze the perioperative prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents in 118 hospitals in China. METHODS: 3557 medical records (from September to December, 2006) of 118 hospitals were drawn out randomly. The perioperative prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents was investigated and analyzed. RESULTS: Prophylactic antimicrobial agents were used in 3485 cases (98%). The first 3 kinds of antimicrobial agents most in use were cephalosporins of 3rd generation (1775/3485, 50.4%), 2nd generation (1191/3485, 34.2%) and fluoroquinolones (1120/3485, 34.1%). The average durations of antibiotic use were 7.4 d for class I (clean) wounds 7.6 d for class II (clean/contaminated) wounds and 10. 5 d for class III (contaminated) wounds. Only 30.4% of patients received antibiotics within 2 h prior operation, and 52.2% of patients did not received antibiotics until the operation was completed. There were no indications for prophylactic antibiotic use in 16.7% of cases. Combining use of antimicrobial agents were performed in 56.5% of cases, and 22.1% of them lack of reasonable indications. CONCLUSIONS: Inappropriate use of perioperative prophylactic antimicrobial agents is common and must be subjected to standardization.