乙状结肠的解剖学观测及临床意义

目的:观测乙状结肠的解剖学结构,为乙状结肠临床应用提供形态学依据。方法:解剖54例经福尔马林固定尸体标本,观察乙状结肠的外形、走行、位置、系膜及血供,对结果进行相关分析。结果:乙状结肠形态位置可分8种类型。乙状结肠长度为(35.54±12.14)cm;乙状结肠管径:起端管径为(3.38±1.26)cm(1.71～8.29 cm),中段管径为(3.83±1.36)cm,末段管径为(3.24±1.16)cm。左右凸出度(与正中矢状面距离):凸向右侧共47例,占87.03%,凸出度均值3.62 cm;凸向左侧6例,占11.11%,凸出度均值1.92 cm;位于正中1例,占1.85%。向前凸出度(与耻骨联合中点距离)8.10 cm。乙状结肠系膜最大长度(6.50±2.12)cm。系膜内动脉血管分支:均起自肠系膜下动脉,主干有2～4支不等。结论:乙状结肠长度、管径、系膜长度差异较大,整体外形、走行、空间位置存在多种类型,系膜内血管分支数目与分布不恒定。

The anatomical observation of the sigmoid colon and its clinical significance

Objective:To observe anatomical structure of sigmoid colon and provide anatomical data for clinical application.Methods:The shape,course,position,mesentery and blood supply of sigmoid colon were observed on 54 fixed cadavers.Results:The position and course of sigmoid colon and lines was classified into eight types.The average length of sigmoid colon was(35.54±12.14) cm.The average diameter at the origin was(3.38±1.26) cm,at the middle part was(3.83±1.36) cm,and at the terminal part was(3.24±1.16) cm.About the distance from median plane there were 47 cases at the right side(87.03%),and the average of standout was 3.62 cm.There were 6 cases at the left side(11.11%),and the average of standout was 1.92 cm.One case was at the middle part(1.85%),and the standout was 8.10cm.The maximum length of sigmoid colon was 6.50±2.12cm(3.11-11.97 cm).The branch of blood vessel of mesentery originated from inferior mesenteric artery,which varied between 2 and 4.Conclusion:The length,diameter and mesentery of sigmoid colon were significantly different.There were different types in shape,course,and position.The numbers of branch of blood vessels of mesentery and its distribution were not constant.