原始卵泡激活与卵泡发育相关机制的研究进展

雌性哺乳动物出生之前原始卵泡已经形成,出生后卵泡池中储备不再增加。随着原始卵泡激活,原本处于休眠状态的卵泡渐次进入生长阶段,逐步由初级卵泡、次级卵泡发育成窦卵泡。在促性腺激素刺激下,优势卵泡发生排卵。卵母细胞内、外源性因子通过旁分泌、自分泌、内分泌等方式调控卵母细胞成熟、膜细胞与颗粒细胞的增殖分化过程。此外,卵母细胞与颗粒细胞之间通过缝隙连接发生信号交换使卵泡各部分同步发育,维持卵泡结构完整性。对卵泡激活和发育机制的深入研究将有利于解决生殖医学领域中卵源性不孕问题。

The Research Progress of the Primordial Follicle Activation and Folliculogenesis

Primordial follicles have been formed before birth in mammals,and the reserve in follicle pool no longer increase after birth.With the activation of the primordial follicles,the follicles which were originally dormant gradually enter the growth stage,and gradually evolve from primary follicles and secondary follicles to antral follicles.Ovulation occurs in the dominant follicles with the stimulation of gonadotropins.Oocyte-derived and exogenous factors which regulate the maturation of oocytes,the proliferation and differentiation of the cells and granulosa cells through paracrine,autocrine,and endocrine ways.Besides,the communication between oocytes and granulosa cells through gaps junction allows synchronous development of all compartments of the follicle to maintain the follicle integrity.The thorough research on the mechanism of follicle activation and folliculogenesis will be beneficial to the solution of oocyte-related infertility in the field of reproductive medicine.