基因扫描技术在21-三体综合征和性染色体数目异常基因诊断中的初步应用研究

目的：应用定量荧光PCR方法检测21-三体综合征及性染色体数目异常疾病,通过优化多重定量荧光PCR体系,建立一种快速简便的染色体异常疾病的检测方法。方法：针对21号染色体上特异的3个STR位点（D21S1435、D21S1411、D21S11）,X染色体上的两个STR位点（DXS981、DXS6809）,X、Y染色体上共有的STR位点X22及性别特异性位点AMXY设计引物,并在引物的5＇端标记荧光,对202例外周血标本提取基因组DNA进行七重定量荧光PCR扩增,使用ABI310测序仪进行PCR结果分析,根据国际统一判断标准进行结果判断。结果：QF-PCR分析202例标本中97例为21-三体标本,62例为性染色体异常标本,其中96例21-三体标本（包括1例易位型和1例嵌合型）和56例性染色体异常标本的诊断结果与染色体核型分析结果一致,QF-PCR检测21-三体和性染色体异常灵敏度和特异度分别为90.3%,98%,96%,99.1%。结论：七重定量荧光PCR诊断结果与染色体核型诊断结果具有同一性;QF-PCR在产前诊断染色体异常疾病灵敏度高、特异性强,具有较高实用价值和市场前景。

Primary Exploratory Development of Genescan Technology in Gene Diagnosis of 21-trisomy Syndrome and Heterosome Numerical Abnormality

Objective:To detect the 21-trisomy syndrome and hererosome numerical abnormality disease using quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR), and to set a rapid and reliable detection for chromosomal abnormality disease based on the optimization of multiple QF-PCR. Methods: Specific primers were designed and synthesized according to the 3 STR sites (D21S1435, D21S11 and D21S1411) on chromosome 21, 2 STR sites (DXS981 and DXS6809) on chromosome X, the STR site (X22) co-located on chromosome X a...