组织工程支架及其修复技术在脊髓损伤中的应用

目的:就近年来组织工程修复脊髓损伤进展进行归纳总结.资料来源:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库及CNKI数据库中1999-09/2009-09与组织工程修复脊髓损伤相关的文章,在标题和摘要中以"spinal cord injury,tissue engineering"或"脊髓损伤,组织工程"为检索词进行检索.同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章.资料选择:选择组织工程修复脊髓损伤方面的最新相关文献,最终纳入29篇符合标准的文献.结局评价指标:组织工程种子细胞选择,组织工程脊髓对支架材料的要求,再生所需神经营养因子,再生所需特殊内环境构建.结果:组织工程化脊髓种子细胞包括许旺细胞、嗅鞘细胞、胚胎干细胞、神经干细胞以及骨髓基质干细胞等.目前支架材料主要为合成材料或改性天然材料,如聚羟基乙酸、聚乳酸和乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物等.表面被修饰后,利于细胞黏附和营养因子的聚集.将一些促进神经生长因子或抑制神经生长因子的抗体与聚乙二醇加工成耦合体作为组织工程支架,联合干细胞移植、并施加电场/磁场刺激修复脊髓损伤可能是组织工程修复脊髓损伤的有希望途径.结论:选择最佳组织工程组分是修复脊髓损伤重要依据.

Application of tissue-engineered scaffold in repair of spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND: To summarize the progress of tissue engineering in repairing spinal cord injury in recent years.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI database (www.cnki.net/index.htm) was performed for articles published between September 1999 and September 2009 with the key words of "spinal cord injury, tissue engineering" in English and Chinese, respectively. Articles published recently or in authoritative journals in the same field were selected.DATA SELECTION: Inclusion criteria: clinical or experimental study about tissue engineering in repairing spinal cord injury.Repetitive studies were excluded. A total of 29 articles were included.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Seed cell selection of tissue engineering; requirements of scaffold materials of tissue-engineered spinal cord, neurotrophic factor for regeneration, special internal environment construction for regeneration.RESULTS: Seed cells of tissue-engineered spinal cord include Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells and bone marrow stromal stem cells. Scaffold materials involve synthetic or modified natural materials, such as polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, and lactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer, which benefit cell attachment and nutrition factor aggregation following surface modification. Antibodies that promote or inhibit nerve growth factor in combination with polyoxyl are coupled to function as tissue-engineered scaffold, which may be approaches to repair spinal cord injury by tissue engineering in combination with stem cell transplantation and electric field/magnetic field stimulation.CONCLUSION: The optimal elements for tissue engineering are the key role in repairing spinal cord injury by tissue engineering.