儿童期虐待、大五人格对医学生自我效能感影响的路径分析

目的考察医学生儿童期虐待、大五人格与自我效能感的关系，为医学生心理障碍的干预提供依据。方法采用整群抽样法，对某医学院262名医学生进行调查，使用儿童期虐待史自评量表（PRCA）、一般自我效能感（GSES）、简式大五人格问卷（NEO—FFI—R）等问卷进行现场测试，用结构方程模型分析软件Amos7．0作路径分析。结果儿童期虐待对神经质有直接正向影响（Sβ=0．255，P〈0．01），对外向性、友善性和谨慎性有直接负向影响（Sβ=-0．224、-0．166、-0．251，P〈0．01）；神经质对自我效能感有直接负向影响（Sβ=-0．194，P〈0．01），谨慎性对自我效能感有直接正向影响（Sβ=0．242，P〈0．01）；儿童期虐待对自我效能感无直接影响（P〉0．05）。神经质和谨慎性作为中介变量完全地中介着儿童期虐待对自我效能感的影响。结论儿童期虐待对医学生自我效能感具有间接影响，而无直接影响，大五人格在儿童期虐待和自我效能感之间起完全中介作用。

The effects of childhood abuse and big five personality on self-efficacy in medical students: a path analysis

Objective To explore the relationship between childhood abuse, big five personality and self - efficacy in medical students so as to provide theoretic basis for medical intmwention of mental disorders. Methods 262 medical students from stratified sampling underwent a survey by the Personal Report of Childhood Abuse （PRCA） , General self- efficacy scale （GSES） and the Revised NEO Five - Factor Inventory （ NEO - FFI - R）. A path analysis was conducted by AMOS （ Analysis of Moment Structures） version 7.0. Results Childhood abuse had a positive direct effect on neuroticism （Sβ = 0. 255 ,P 〈 0.01 ） and negative direct effect on dimensions as extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness （Sβ = -0. 224, -0. 166, -0. 251,P 〈 0.01 ） ; neuroticism had negative direct effect on self- efficacy （S/3 = - 0. 194 ,P 〈 0.01 ） , and conscientiousness had a positive direct effect on self - efficacy （ Sβ= 0. 242 ,P 〈 0.01 ） ; child- hood abuse had no direct effect on self- efficacy （P 〉 0.05）. As mediating variables, neuroticism and conscientiousness of NEO - FFI - R completely mediate the effect of childhood abuse on self - efficacy. Conclusion Childhood abuse had a mediated effect rather than an immediate effect on the self - efficacy in medical students, with big five personality completely mediating childhood abuse and self- efficacy.