早产儿院内感染危险因素及病原学分析

目的：分析早产儿院内感染发生的高危因素及病原学特点。方法：对197例早产儿院内感染情况进行回顾性分析。结果：住院早产儿院内感染发生率为22.2％(197/887)。胎龄小、低出生体重、机械通气治疗、延迟喂养是早产儿发生院内感染的重要高危因素。肺炎克雷伯菌在院内感染中占据首位(22.3%)，其次为葡萄球菌(18.4%)。结论：对胎龄小、低出生体重的早产儿应强调以洗手为中心的消毒隔离制度，尽量减少侵入性操作，尽早开始胃肠道喂养，以减少早产儿院内感染的发生。肺炎克雷伯菌是早产儿院内感染的主要病原菌。［中国当代儿科杂志，2009，11（12）：980-982］

Risk factors and pathogens of nosocomial infection in preterm infants

Objective To investigate the risk factors and the pathogens of nosocomial infection in preterm infants. Methods The medical data of 197 preterm infants with nosocomial infection were retrospectively studied. Results The incidence of nosocomial infection was 22. 2% ( 197/887 ). Small gestational age ( OR = 4. 125, P < 0. 05 ) , low birth weight (OR =5.450, P<0.05) , mechanical ventilation therapy (OR =4.435, P<0.05) and delayed enteral feedings (OR = 3. 765, P < 0. 05) were found to be important risk factors for nosocomial infection. Klebsiella was the main pathogen (22.3% ), followed by Staphylococcus (18. 4% ). Conclusions Hygienic handwashing, decreasing invassive procedures and an early start of enteral feeding are crucial for preventing nosocomal infection in preterm infants. Klebsiella is the main pathogen of nosocomal infections