重庆市沙坪坝区成人慢性非传染性疾病及其危险因素监测结果分析

目的 了解重庆市沙坪坝区成人慢性非传染性疾病(慢性病)及吸烟、饮酒等危险因素的分布情况,分析相关危险因素对高血压、糖尿病的影响。 方法 采用分层多阶段抽样法调查沙坪坝区成年居民1200人。利用2013年重庆市慢性病及危险因素监测调查问卷进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查,并进行高血压、糖尿病相关因素的2检验和多因素logistic回归分析。 结果 沙坪坝区成年居民吸烟率27.9%,饮酒率47.2％,超重率33.6%,肥胖率13.9%。男性吸烟、饮酒、超重率均高于女性(2=396.830、249.130、4.240,P0.05)。高血压患病率23.3%,糖尿病患病率8.8%,血脂异常率21.0%。男性高血压患病率高于女性(2=6.195,P0.05),随年龄增加有升高趋势(2=0.890,P0.05),并在不同文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、体质指数中分布不同(均P0.05)。糖尿病患病率随年龄增加有升高趋势(2=0.257,P0.05),并在不同文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、饮酒状况、体质指数中分布不同(均P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示:女性(OR=0.475)、文化程度增加(OR=0.835)是高血压的保护性因素,年龄(OR=1.505)、离退休(OR=1.128)、高血压家族史(OR=1.670)、体质指数增加(OR=2.496)、每周饮酒5次(OR=2.387)是高血压的危险因素。每日运动量达6000步以上 (OR=0.634)是糖尿病的保护因素,年龄(OR=1.540)、体质指数增加(OR=1.813)、高血压(OR=1.846)是糖尿病的危险因素。 结论 沙坪坝区成年居民高血压、糖尿病患病率较高,其发病与多种因素有关,应加强高血压、糖尿病的综合防治。

Risk factors for chronic diseases among adults in Shapingba district of Chongqing

Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic diseases and related risk factors among adults in Shapingba district and analyze the influence of risk factors on the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Methods A total of 1200 adults were selected in Shapingba through multistage stratified sampling for a questionnaire survey, and health examination and laboratory detection were provided for them. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify the risk factors associated with hypertension and diabetes. Results The prevalence of smoking, drinking, overweight and obesity were 27.9%, 47.2%, 33.6% and 13.9% respectively. The prevalence of smoking, drinking and overweight were higher in men than in women(2=396.830, 249.130, 4.240, P0.05). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were 23.3%, 8.8% and 21.0% respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in men than in women(2=6.195, P0.05), tended to increase with age(2=0.890,P0.05)and varied with educational level, marital status, occupation, smoking status, alcohol use and BMI (P0.05).The prevalence of diabetes tended to increase with age(2=0.257,P0.05) and varied with educational level, marital status, occupation, alcohol use and BMI(P0.05). Multivarite logistic regression analysis indicated that being female(OR=0.475), high education level(OR=0.835)were the protective factors for hypertension, but older age(OR=1.505), retirement(OR=1.128), family history of hypertension(OR=1.670), increased BMI (OR=2.496)and drinking more than 5 times a week(OR=2.387)were the major risk factors for hypertension. Daily walking for more than 6000 steps(OR=0.634)were the protective factors for diabetes, but older age(OR=1.540), increased BMI (OR=1.813)and hypertension(OR=1.846)were the major risk factors for diabetes. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in adults in Shapingba district was correlated with multi-factors, so it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control of hypertension and diabetes.