|
|||||
|
|
Seasonal and Spatial Variability of PM2.5 Concentration,and Associated Metal(loid) Content in the Toluca Valley,Mexico |
|
| Authors: | Barbosa-Sánchez Ana Larissa Márquez-Herrera Ciro Sosa-Echeverria Rodolfo Díaz-Godoy Raúl Venancio Gutiérrez-Castillo María Eugenia Escamilla-Núñez Consuelo Rule Ana M. Sierra-Vargas Martha Patricia Aztatzi-Aguilar Octavio Gamaliel |
| Affiliation: | 1.Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, CDMX, Salud Pública, México ;2.Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CMDX, Salud Pública, México ;3.Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y cambio climático, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, CDMX, Salud Pública, México ;4.Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Salud Pública, Edo. México, México ;5.Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Salud Pública, México ;6.Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, US ;7.Departamento de Toxicología y Medicina Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX, Salud Pública, México ; |
| Abstract: | This study provides evidence of the seasonal and spatial variation of metal(lloid)s in particulate matter minor to 2.5 microns (PM2.5) in the Toluca Valley Metropolitan Area (TVMA), the fifth largest urban center in Mexico. Four sites were sampled between 2013 and 2014, which included urban and industrial areas, in the dry-cold (November-February) and dry-hot (March-May) seasons; PM2.5 was collected using high- and medium-volume samplers. Metal(lloid) concentrations in PM2.5 were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma?mass spectrometry (ICP?MS). The highest 24-hour PM2.5 concentration in the northern area was observed, and the PM2.5 concentrations were independent of the season. Five metal(lloid)s with a recovery percentage above 80% were considered to be reported (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Sb). The maximum concentrations of metal(lloid)s were observed during the dry-cold season, and concentrations were up to one hundred or thousand fold with respect to the dry-hot season. The 24-hour PM2.5 and metal(lloid) concentrations exceeded national and international guidelines to protect population health. |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录！ | |