预防艾滋病健康教育传播材料干预效果研究

目的评价不同预防艾滋病健康教育传播材料的干预效果。方法从前来珠海市疾控中心进行健康体检的外来工中随机选择4组干预对象,每组接受一种预防艾滋病健康教育材料干预,包括阅读“艾滋病知识”折页(折页)、“了解艾滋病”海报(海报)、“预防艾滋病健康教育手册”(手册)和观看“认识艾滋病”宣教录像片(VCD)4种材料。结合4种教材的核心信息设计统一调查表,内容包括干预对象的一般情况和艾滋病相关知识的10个主要问题,干预前后分别进行问卷调查和比较。结果共调查1 008人,干预前其对卖淫嫖娼、共用注射器吸毒、母婴传播等艾滋病主要传播途径回答正确率分别为92.5%、89.3%和86.6%;对蚊虫叮咬、同桌吃饭、日常生活与工作接触、握手拥抱等非艾滋病传播途径的回答正确率分别为36.3%、54.9%、63.3%和70.5%;对使用安全套能预防艾滋病的知晓率为73.1%。折页、海报、手册及VCD 4组干预对象分别为251、248、257和252人,4组干预对象干预前对艾滋病相关知识的回答总正确率分别为73.1%、75.2%、72.0%和69.1%;干预后分别为79.4%、84.6%、76.7%和84.7%;各组分别上升了6.3%、9.4%、4.7%和15.6%;前后比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论城市外来工对预防艾滋病知识的了解还不够全面;健康教育传播材料核心信息的表达形式与传播方式不同所产生的干预效果不同,观看录像片的干预效果最佳,阅读手册的干预效果最差。

Study on AIDS intervention effects of health education materials

Objective To evaluate intervention effects of different kinds of health education materials for AIDS prevention.Methods The immigrant physical examinees at Zhuhai CDC were randomly sampled into four groups to conduct an intervention trial of health education materials for AIDS prevention.Each group received one type of 4 AIDS health education materials including pamphlets,leaflets,posters and VCDs.A questionnaire was answered about demographic characteristics and basic knowledge on AIDS prevention of respondents before and after the intervention respectively.The results were calculated by SPSS 10.1 and compared before and after the intervention.Results The rate of knowing HIV/AIDS transmission by prostitution and whoring,injection drug use with needle sharing,and mother to child transmission were 92.5%,89.3% and 86.6% among the total 1 008 surveyed subjects before intervention.36.3%,54.9%,63.3% and 70.5% respondents had the knowledge of HIV/AIDS not transmitted through mosquitoes bite,dining together,daily contact,shaking hands and embracing respectively.73.1% knew that condom use could prevent HIV/AIDS infection.There were 251,248,257 and 252 subjects of four groups respectively.The correct answer rate of basic knowledge on AIDS prevention for each group were 73.1%,75.2%,72.0% and 69.1% before intervention and rose significantly 6.3%,9.4%,4.7% and 15.6%(P<0.01)after intervention which reached 79.4%,84.6%,76.7% and 84.7% respectively.Conclusion The effects of HIV/AIDS health education intervention were related to different types of health education materials and ways of dissemination and VCDs had optimal impact on urban immigrant workers whereas pamphlets had poor impact.