国产微型角膜刀辅助光学板层角膜移植术的初步临床报告

目的　评价国产微型角膜刀辅助光学板层角膜移植术治疗角膜病变的可行性、安全性及其增视效果。方法　选择角膜基质混浊严重影响视力和角膜内皮功能患者 11例 ( 12只眼 ) ,采用光学角膜测厚仪检测角膜混浊厚度 ;采用国产微型角膜刀切除病变角膜 ,制备角膜移植床 ;于供体角膜切取相应厚度和直径的角膜片 ,测量角膜移植床厚度 ,以 4或 8针间断缝合角膜移植床。术后随访7～ 14个月 ,裂隙灯显微镜及角膜地形图仪检查角膜层间、角膜透明度及角膜屈光改变等情况。结果　除 1只眼因术后角膜上皮植入致部分角膜移植片溶解外 ,余角膜移植片均透明愈合 ,无层间混浊。所有患者视力均有不同程度提高 ,其中 7只眼 ( 7/ 12 )最佳矫正视力≥ 0 .5 ,2只眼 ( 2 / 12 )视力达到 0 .8;术后 3～ 6个月时 ,角膜屈光度数较术前增加 ( 2 .36± 1.2 5 )D(P =0 .0 16 ) ,角膜散光度数较术前降低( 0 97± 0 .95 )D(P =0 .0 2 3) ;术后 3～ 6个月时 ,角膜屈光度数增加与角膜植床厚度呈显著负相关(r=- 0 .830 ,P =0 .0 0 4)。结论　国产微型角膜刀辅助光学板层角膜移植术操作简单、安全性好 ,增视效果明显 ,可部分替代穿透性角膜移植术。该手术可增加角膜屈光度数 ,并与角膜移植床厚度呈显著的负相关关系。

Preliminary clinical results of optical lamellar keratoplasty assisted by homemade-microkeratome

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of optical lamellar keratoplasty assisted by homemade-microkeratome in treating corneal opacification for optical indications. METHODS: In 12 eyes of 11 patients with corneal opacities and healthy endothelium, the homemade-microkeratome was used for the resection of corneal opacities whose depth measured by optical pachymeter preoperatively, and the donor disc was excised by the same technique. After the resection of corneal opacities, the residual bed thickness was measured by ultrasonopachymeter. The disparities in thickness and diameter between the bed and the donor disc were reduced as least as possible by the use of different suction rings and microkeratome heads. The donor disc was secured with four or eight interrupted sutures. The period of follow-up ranged from 7 to 14 months. The transparency of cornea, donor-host interface and the refractive changes after surgery were examined by slit-lamp microscopy and Keratron videokeratoscope. RESULTS: The slit-lamp microscopic examination showed no severe complications after surgery, all grafts appeared to be transparent without recognizable opacity in the interface except 1 eye with epithelial ingrowth and local graft melting subsequently. Visual acuities were improved in all eyes, 7 eyes had best corrected visual acuity better than 0.5 and 2 eyes reached 0.8. During the follow-up 3 to 6 months, the mean corneal refractive power significantly increased (2.36 +/- 1.25) D (P = 0.016), and the corneal astigmatism significantly decreased (0.97 +/- 0.95) D (P = 0.023) Compared with that before surgery, the increase of the corneal refractive power had negative correlation with the thickness of residual bed (r = -0.830, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: This easy, safe new technique leads to good visual results and represents a good alternative to penetrating keratoplasty in treating corneal opacities.