The brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu Roberts, 1965 across Australia: Morphological and molecular identification of R. sanguineus s.l. tropical lineage |
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| Institution: | 1. Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia;2. Northern Territory Veterinary Services, Katherine, 0850, Northern Territory, Australia;3. Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, 2570, New South Wales, Australia;1. M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC;2. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC;3. Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC;4. Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC;1. Gertrud Theiler Tick Museum, Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council – Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;2. Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;3. Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany;4. Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel;5. The Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;6. Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa;1. UWA School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia;2. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia;3. School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia;4. Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia;1. Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Av. 24 A, n° 1515, cx. Postal 199, CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil;3. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP) da Universidade Federal de Goiás (GO). Rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605-050, Góias, GO, Brazil;4. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCA) da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, CEP: 74.690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil;1. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia;2. Institute for Land, Water, and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia;3. School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) is the most widely distributed tick species globally. Throughout the world there are at least two divergent lineages on dogs that are traditionally grouped into what was known as R. sanguineus. The species R. sanguineus was recently redescribed using a neotype reported from countries with a temperate climate. The second lineage distributed in countries with primarily tropical climates is currently designated R. sanguineus s.l. tropical lineage. Here, we present a comprehensive genetic evaluation of Australian brown dog ticks from across the continent that complements the morphological study of R. sanguineus sensu Roberts (1965). A total of 294 ticks were collected from dogs around Australia ― including New South Wales, Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia ― for morphological identification. All ticks were morphologically identified as R. sanguineus sensu Roberts (1965). DNA was isolated from a single leg from morphologically characterised individuals from New South Wales (n = 14), Queensland (n = 18), Northern Territory (n = 7) and Western Australia (n = 13), together with ticks from Fiji (n = 1) and the Seychelles (n = 1) for comparison with Australian ticks. The study revealed three cox1 haplotypes clustered only with R. sanguineus s.l. tropical lineage’. An updated distribution of R. sanguineus sensu Roberts (1965) is compared to the 1965 distribution. In the Australian context, R. sanguineus s.l. has appeared in north-western New South Wales but remains absent from coastal New South Wales. Despite both temperate and tropical climates being present in Australia, only R. sanguineus s.l. tropical lineage was found. The evidence does not support the presence of the strictly defined brown dog tick, R. sanguineus by Nava et al. (2018) in Australia, because the examined ticks are genetically and morphologically distinct. We recommend using the term brown dog tick, R. sanguineus sensu Roberts (1965) for specimens from Australia. |
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| Keywords: | Brown dog tick Mitochondrial DNA Remote locations Survey |
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