尿液红细胞荧光检查方法及其在肾病诊断中的应用

目的：建立免疫荧光方法对尿中红细胞膜进行荧光定位，以鉴别肾性与非肾性血尿。方法：以荧光标记兔抗人免疫球蛋白为抗体．采用直接免疫荧光染色法检测176例肾病患和163例非肾病患，观察尿中红细胞膜上荧光着色程度．从而建立红细胞荧光定位检查．用于肾病的鉴别诊断；同时作尿沉渣形态学对比检查。结果：用荧光标记的免抗人Ig抗体(抗IgA、IgG、IgE、IgM抗体)分别对176例肾病组患尿中红细胞膜上4种Ig抗体染色检查，总阳性率为97．2％(171／176)；形态学检查总阳性率为64.2％(113／176)；对163例非肾病患尿中红细胞作Ig染色检查，总阳性率为1．2％(2／163)。结论：直接免疫荧光染色法是在尿沉渣检查的基础上发展的一种新染色法．免疫荧光染色方法特异性强．是鉴别肾性与非肾性血尿的一种有价值的诊断方法。

Value of the urine RBC immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of nephropathy

Objective To establish an immunofluorescence technique by which can differentiate the origin of the hematuria. Methods The Urine sediment was coloured by the direct immunofluorescence method using fluorescence labeled rabbit-anti-human immunoglobulin. The RBC origin was distinguished by the fluorescence brightness on the cell membrane. The RBC morphology was observed at the same time. Results The total positive rate of the immunofluorescence was 97.2% in 176 urine samples of nephropathy group and 1.2% in 163 samples of non-nephropathy group. The positive rate of the morphological test was 64.2% in the nephropathy group. Conclusions The direct immunofluorescence technique is a new method based on the urine sediment test. The new method is special and valuable in differentiating the nephric hematuria from the non-nephric hematuria.