某家具制造企业工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患调查分析

目的 调查某家具制造企业工人肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders, WMSDs)的患病情况和特征。
方法 选取某家具制造企业437名工人为研究对象, 采用横断面调查方法调查工人肌肉骨骼疾患患病情况。
结果 WMSDs年患病率为32.27%, 以下背(腰)部、颈部和肩部为主, 年患病率分别为11.21%、9.84%和7.78%。男性以下背(腰)部疾患年患病率最高(10.27%), 女性以颈部和下背(腰)部疾患年患病率最高(均为16.42%)。女性颈部和手腕/手疾患年患病率均高于男性, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。颈部疾患的年患病率在各段工龄之间比较, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05), 且患病率有随工龄增加而升高的趋势(P < 0.05)。手工搬举重物者颈部WMSDs年患病率(17.95%)高于不搬举重物者(8.08%)(P < 0.01), 工作台座椅与个人尺寸不相符者颈部WMSDs年患病率高于工作台座椅与个人尺寸相符者(P < 0.01)。
结论 该家具制造企业工人肌肉骨骼疾患较为严重, 以下背(腰)部、颈部和肩部发生较多, 可能与性别、年龄、工龄以及工效学等因素有关。

Survey on work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in furniture manufactures

Objective To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among workers in furniture manufactures. Methods Cross-sectional survey was conducted with WMSDs questionnaire among 437 workers in furniture manufactures. Results General annual prevalence of WMSDs among these workers was 32.27%. The predominant sites of WMSDs were low back (11.21%), neck (9.84%) and shoulder (7.78%). The prevalence of WMSDs in neck and wrist/hand among female workers was higher than that of male workers(P < 0.05). The prevalence of WMSDs in neck was statistically significant among workers with different working time (P < 0.05), and showed an increasing trend with exposure year. Lifting heavy objects and un-match between workbench and personal size were the major risk factors. Conclusion WMSDs among workers in furniture manufactures is serious and needs to be paid attention to.