微创植骨术治疗兔桡骨骨缺损的实验研究

目的 观察微创植骨术治疗骨缺损的疗效。方法 在30只兔双侧桡骨干建立骨缺损模型。随机将每只兔双侧前肢分入开放植骨术组（A组）和微创植骨术组（B组），其中微创植骨术组用自行研制的微创植骨器进行微创植骨。术后第1、2、4、6、8周每周随机处死6只动物，对骨缺损部位进行双能X线骨密度检查和电镜观察。结果 术后不同时间两组骨缺损部位的骨密度随时间延长逐渐增高，但同一时间微创植骨术组的骨密度均高于开放植骨术组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；电镜观察微创植骨术组成纤维细胞和成骨细胞出现时间、两种细胞内细胞器活跃程度、细胞周围胶原纤维及钙盐的沉积数量均优于开放植骨术组、新生骨塑形速度亦快于开放植骨术组。结论 用微创植骨器治疗骨缺损，在减小手术创伤的同时可加快骨缺损的修复速度，提高骨缺损的修复质量。

Comparision of treatment effect of bone defect with minimally invasive surgery and open bone grafting

Objective To observe the treatment effect of minimally invasive surgery on bone defects. Methods Bone defect model was established in bilateral shaft of radius in 30 rabbits. Forefoots of each rabbit were then randomized into open grafting group(group A) and minimally invasive grafting group(group B). Minimally invasive bone grafting was performed in group B with self-made instruments. DEXA and electron microscopy were investigated in radial bone defect after six rabbits were sacrificed randomly at different time after bone grafting. Results DEXA showed bone density increased gradually in both groups, the bone density in minimally invasive group was higher than that in open group with significant difference(P<0.05) at the same time;Electron microscopy showed that fibroblast and osteoblast occurred earlier in bone defect with more active organelle morphology, more collagen and calcium deposition and faster new bone remodeling in minimally invasive group than in open group. Conclusion Minimally invasive bone grafting can accelerate and improve bone defect repair with the help of minimally invasive instruments.