我国造血干细胞基础研究的新进展兼论干细胞可塑性

1995年以来我国造血干细胞工程与相关的生物学领域的研究发展迅速。有关造血干 祖细胞基因表达的研究 ,上海国家人类基因组研究中心陈竺、陈赛娟等为正常和急性白血病人骨髓造血干祖细胞cDNA文库的基因表达建立了一套先进的工作体系。他们在许多白血病细胞系的干 祖细胞中发现了 30 0个新的相关基因。中山大学医学院李树浓、黄绍良等从人的桑葚期胚胎干细胞成功地诱导出造血细胞等。北京输血研究所裴雪涛等从成人和胎儿的骨髓分离出成年源干细胞 ,又进一步诱导分化为骨、软骨、脂肪和神经原细胞等。他们成功地构建了胎儿和成人间充质干细胞cDNA扣除文库 ,获得了胎儿和成人间充质干细胞的差异表达基因及在胎儿特异表达基因。中国医学科学院天津血液学研究所、国家血液学重点实验室赵春华等证实从胚胎胰腺、骨髓和肝脏中都可以分离出人间充质干细胞 ,又证明G CSF可以使输注的间充质干细胞在体内促造血重建。北京基础医学研究所毛宁等的实验不支持间充质干细胞可以“横向分化”。最近他们发现小鼠胚胎干细胞的体外分化重现了胚胎早期造血发生的生物学程序以及Smad5基因调控在胚胎造血发生中的必要性和多样性 ,又表明其上游配体TGF beta家族分子在胚胎发生中的作用和特点。本文针对干细胞可塑性研究作了评

Current Basic Research of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in China and Comments on Stem Cell Plasticity

The basic studies selected were mainly published since 1998 and related to stem cell biology and engineering and particularly the efforts for developing new sources of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells ex vivo. Hematopoietic cells and lymphocytes can be developed by induced differentiation in a appropriate way of culture, originating in the embryo or adult derived stem cells or tissue committed stem cells which still exist in the tissue of adults. The most primitive multipotential embryonic stem cell from embryo or adult tissue has the plasticity to differentiate into every kind of progenies, the committed tissue specific stem cell, by different proper ways of induction in vitro. The committed tissue specific stem cell, however, can only be induced to differentiate along the line of its committed origin of tissue. No studies in China strongly confirmed yet the existence of "transdifferentiation" among the tissue or organ specific stem cells.