移民建镇后血吸虫病疫情变化及干预措施研究

目的 了解移民建镇引起的环境改变与血吸虫病流行因素变化的关系，探讨疫情控制策略。方法选择洞庭湖区傍山建镇的中山村和傍堤建镇的濠口村为试点，观察两试点移民建镇后的血吸虫病疫情变化。结果移民建镇后，居民全部饮用安全水。中山村傍山移民建镇后，居民点距易感地带距离由移民建镇前的30m增至100～200m；居民血吸虫感染率由建镇前的15．77％下降至11．85％；垸外易感地带感染性钉螺密度变化不大。濠口村傍堤移民建镇后，居民点距易感地带距离由200～500m缩短至3～20m；居民感染率由建镇前的4．89％上升至5．56％；取镇外洲土筑台后钉螺密度下降。结论移民建镇后居民感染率与居住地距易感地带距离、安全用水及防治措施有一定的关系，螺情变化与环境关系密切。傍堤移民建镇后产生了较多的不利于疫情控制的因素，可使疫情上升。

Study on endemic situation of schistosomiasis and control strategies after the newly established towns for migrant people

Objective To understand the relationship between the environmental changes and the factors of schistosomiasis transmission in newly established towns for migrant people, and explore the related control strategies. Methods Two villages, Haokou and Zhongshan, the newly established towns for migrant people, were selected as study areas in which the changes of endemic situation of schistosomiasis were investigated. Results All the residents have used safe water supply in newly established towns. The distance between Zhongshan Village and the susceptible zones increased from 30 m to 100-200 m after the newly established town for migrant people, and the infection rate of schistosome among the residents decreased from 15. 77% to 11.85%. There were few changes on the density of infected snails outside the embankment. The distance between Haokou Village and the susceptible zones decreased from 200-500 m to 3-20 m after that, and the infection rate of schistosome among the residents increased from 4. 89% to 5. 56%. The snail density decreased due to building platform by using soil from other places. Conclusions There are some relationships between the infection rate of schistosome in human and the distance from the susceptible zones, safe water supply and control strategies. There is a close relationship between the environmental changes and snail status. More negative factors are found in the impact of endemic situation of schistosomiasis after newly established towns for migrant people.