Evaluation and management of extrahepatic manifestations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
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| Authors: | Karn Wijarnpreecha Elizabeth S. Aby Aijaz Ahmed Donghee Kim |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA; 2.Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; 3.Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystemic disease and a rapidly growing cause of chronic liver disease in children and adults worldwide. Diagnosis and management of extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnea, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hypothyroidism, psoriasis, and extrahepatic malignancy are crucial for the treatment of patients with NAFLD. The leading cause of death in NAFLD is primarily from CVD, followed by liver-related mortality, extrahepatic cancer, liver cancer, and diabetes-related mortality. Therefore, clinicians need to identify high-risk patients earlier in the disease course and be aware of the extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD to improve liver disease outcomes. In this review, we focus on the monitoring and management of the extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD. |
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| Keywords: | Fatty liver Therapeutics Cardiovascular diseases Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Liver cirrhosis |
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