Effect of altitude training on serum creatine kinase activity and serum cortisol concentration in triathletes |
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Authors: | R L Wilber S D Drake J L Hesson J A Nelson J T Kearney G M Dallam L L Williams |
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Institution: | (1) United States Olympic Committee, Sport Science and Technology Division, One Olympic Plaza, Colorado Springs, Colo., USA e-mail: rwilber@usoc.org, Fax: +1-719-6325194, US |
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Abstract: | In this investigation we evaluated the effect of a 5-week training program at 1860 m on serum creatine kinase (CK) activity
and serum cortisol concentration in national-caliber triathletes for the purpose of monitoring the response to training in
a hypobaric hypoxic environment. Subjects included 16 junior-level female (n = 8) and male (n = 8) triathletes who were training for the International Triathlon Union (ITU) World Championships. After an initial acclimatization
period, training intensity and/or volume were increased progressively during the 5-week altitude training camp. Resting venous
blood samples were drawn at 0700 hours following a 12-h overnight fast and were analyzed for serum CK activity and serum cortisol
concentration. Subjects were evaluated before 7–10 days pre-altitude (SL 1)] and after 7–10 days post-altitude (SL 2)] the
5-week training camp at 1860 m. At altitude, subjects were evaluated within 24–36 h after arrival (ALT 1), 7 days after arrival
(ALT 2), 18 days after arrival (ALT 3), and 24–36 h prior to leaving the altitude training camp (ALT 4). A repeated-measures
analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences over time from SL 1 to SL 2. Compared to SL 1, serum CK activity increased
approximately threefold (P < 0.05) within the initial 24–36 h at altitude (ALT 1), and increased by an additional 70% (P < 0.05) after the 1st week of altitude training (ALT 2). Serum CK activity remained significantly elevated over the duration
of the experimental period compared to pre-altitude baseline levels. Serum cortisol concentration was increased (P < 0.05) at the end of the 5-week altitude training period (ALT 4) relative to SL 1, ALT 1 and ALT 3. These data suggest that:
(1) the initial increase in serum CK activity observed in the first 24–36 h at altitude was due primarily to acute altitude
exposure and was independent of increased training intensity and/or training volume, (2) the subsequent increases in serum
CK activity observed over the duration of the 5-week altitude camp were probably due to the combined effects of altitude exposure
and increased training load, and (3) the increase in serum cortisol concentration observed at the end of the altitude training
camp reflects the additive effect of 5 weeks of altitude exposure in combination with a progressively increased training intensity
and/or volume.
Accepted: 5 June 1999 |
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Keywords: | Altitude training Hypobaric hypoxia Creatine kinase activity Cortisol Triathletes |
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